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InfoMagic Standards 1994 January
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InfoMagic Standards - January 1994.iso
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ccitt
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1988
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2_3_09.tro
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.rs
.\" Troff code generated by TPS Convert from ITU Original Files
.\" Not Copyright ( c) 1991
.\"
.\" Assumes tbl, eqn, MS macros, and lots of luck.
.TA 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c
.ds CH
.ds CF
.EQ
delim @@
.EN
.nr LL 40.5P
.nr ll 40.5P
.nr HM 3P
.nr FM 6P
.nr PO 4P
.nr PD 9p
.po 4P
.rs
\v | 5i'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'12P'
\s12PART\ IV
\v'4P'
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBSUPPLEMENTS\ TO\ THE\ SERIES\ E\ RECOMMENDATIONS\fR
.EF '% \ \ \ ^''
.OF ''' \ \ \ ^ %'
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBRELATING\ TO\ TELEPHONE\ NETWORK\ MANAGEMENT\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBAND\ TRAFFIC\ ENGINEERING\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.rs
.sp 29P
.LP
.bp
.LP
\fBMONTAGE:\ \fR PAGE PAIRE = PAGE BLANCHE
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 1\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTABLE\ OF\ THE\ ERLANG\ FORMULA\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 1''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 1 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBTable of the\fR
\fBErlang loss formula\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fB(Erlang No. 1 formula, also called Erlang B formula)\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
Loss probabilities
: 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%.
.LP
Let
\fIp\fR =\ the loss probability
\fIy\fR =\ the traffic offered (in Erlangs)
\fIn\fR =\ the number of circuits
\-v'2P'
\-v'3p'
Formula: \fIE\fR \d1, \fIn\fR \u (\fIy\fR ) =
\fIp\fR =
$$2o
@ { fIy\fR~\fI~\un\d\fR } over { fIn\fR~! } @
$$3u1 +
[Formula Deleted]
@ { fIy\fR~\u2\d } over { ! } @ +
. | | +
@ { fIy\fR~\fI~\un\d\fR } over { fIn\fR~! } @
$$3e
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.1]\fR
Unable to convert table
.ad r
\fBTable 1 [T1.1], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 2\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBCURVES\ SHOWING\ THE\
\fBRELATION\ BETWEEN\ THE\ TRAFFIC\ OFFERED\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 2''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 2 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBAND\ THE\ NUMBER\ OF\ CIRCUITS\ REQUIRED\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.rs
.sp 45P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 37P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 3\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBINFORMATION\ ON\ \fR \fBTRAFFIC\ ROUTING\ IN\ THE\ INTERNATIONAL\ NETWORK\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 3''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 3 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(Results from study in 1973\(hy1976 of Question 11/XIII
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
concerning actual connections of international telephone calls
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(For the text of this Supplement, see Supplement No. 7,
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
Volume II.2, \fIOrange Book\fR , Geneva, 1976)
.bp
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 4\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBUSE\ OF\ COMPUTERS\ FOR\ NETWORK\ PLANNING\fR \fB\ AND\ \fR \fBCIRCUIT\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 4''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 4 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBGROUP\ DIMENSIONING\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
(For the text of this Supplement, see Supplement No. 8,
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
Volume II.2, \fIOrange Book\fR , Geneva, 1976)
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 5\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTELETRAFFIC\ IMPLICATIONS\ FOR\ INTERNATIONAL\ SWITCHING\ AND\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 5''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 5 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBOPERATIONAL | PROCEDURES\ RESULTING\ FROM\ A\ \fR \fBFAILURE\ OF\ A\
TRANSMISSION\ FACILITY\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
\fB1\fR
Very considerable changes have occurred in the international network over
the past decade. These changes have arisen mainly from:
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\(em
the growth in the number of long\(hydistance routes;
.LP
\(em
the growth in the number of circuits forming individual
long\(hydistance routes;
.LP
\(em
the world\(hywide introduction of international automatic
operation;
.LP
\(em
technological developments associated with all aspects of the international
network: switching unit design, transmission
facility design, and routing and operational strategies;
.LP
\(em
the integration into the international automatic service
of the more isolated geographical areas and of centres having
low\(hycapacity international switching units.
.PP
\fB2\fR
The resultant multiplicity of circumstances and situations arising within
the international network is now such that it is no longer possible to
specify one single criterion for initiating corrective action to counter
the
loss of a transmission facility. Indeed, the failure of the whole, or part,
of a transmission facility may manifest itself in a different manner to
each of
several Administrations affected by the failure.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB3\fR Among the many aspects of international switching and operational
procedures which can influence the degree of curtailment of service arising
from a transmission\(hyfacility failure, i.e.\ which can reduce the ability
of part of the international network to carry its designed traffic load
successfully, the following are specifically stressed (their order has
no particular
significance):
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\(em
the introduction of fully automatic international operation, which means
that the control of the network, formerly completely
operator
\(hycontrolled, now depends directly on subscribers' habits;
.LP
\(em
the
number of routes that could be affected by
failure
and their proportion of the total routes on the switching unit
to which they are directly connected: the range can be from
one whole route to a few circuits in each of many routes,
depending on the method of allocating circuits to transmission
facilities;
.LP
\(em
the influence of any route, for which no alternative
transmission facility exists, on the performance of the
international switching unit to which it is connected;
.LP
\(em
the effect on the grade of service of the switching unit
itself due to the loss of a complete route or routes, or
parts of several routes, directly connected to it;
.LP
\(em
the methods of limiting the effect of failure on service by action within
the switching unit or at preceding international
or national switching unit, e.g.\ by code blocking or
recorded announcements;
.bp
.LP
\(em
the cause of the failure, and thus the possible restoration time, relative
to the 24\(hyhour traffic profile;
.LP
\(em
the effect of a failure on overflow and
automatic
alternative routing strategies
;
.LP
\(em
the use of diversity of international switching units;
.LP
\(em
the use of diversity of international transmission
facilities.
.PP
\fB4\fR
Attention is also drawn to four major factors of maintaining
continuity of service:
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\(em
reliability
,
.LP
\(em
diversity,
.LP
\(em
network management
, and
.LP
\(em
any
redundancy
specifically provided to allow
restoration of service.
.PP
\fB5\fR Clearly, no practical transmission facility provided will give
100\ per cent reliability, so it is inevitable that the other three factors
will be involved to varying degrees in maintaining service. The interaction
of these four factors will depend largely on the emphasis placed upon each
of them by
each Administration, thus reinforcing the view that the degree of
corrective action that can be taken will depend considerably upon the
investment policy (in materials and equipment) and forward\(hyplanning
objectives of individual Administrations.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB6\fR
With respect to diversity, it is recommended that Administrations
give consideration to the provision of an adequate number of paths for a
particular route, with an adequate level of independence between the paths.
Such independence could reduce the effect of a breakdown or other adverse
event by confining it, as far as possible, to only one of the paths used
by that
route.
.sp 9p
.RT
.PP
\fB7\fR For the further assistance of Administrations in their study of
those teletraffic aspects of international switching and operational procedure
which influence the degree of curtailment of service and which arise from
a
transmission facility failure, these factors are included in
Question\ 23/II
related to continuity of service, accepted for study during the 1985\(hy1988
Study Period.
.sp 9p
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 6\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.ce 1000
\fBTERMS\ AND\ DEFINITIONS\ FOR\ QUALITY\ OF\ SERVICE,\ NETWORK\ PERFORMANCE,\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 6''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 6 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBDEPENDABILITY\ AND\ TRAFFICABILITY\ STUDIES\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
CONTENTS
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.sp 2P
.LP
PART\ I\ \(em\ \fBDependability Vocabulary\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
2
\fIRelated Recommendations\fR
.LP
3
\fIBasic concepts\fR
.LP
4
\fIPerformances\fR
.LP
5
\fIEvents and states\fR
.LP
5.1
Defects
.LP
5.2
Failures
.LP
5.3
Faults
.LP
5.4
Errors and mistakes
.LP
5.5
States
.bp
.LP
6
\fIMaintenance\fR
.LP
7
\fITime concepts\fR
.LP
7.1
Maintenance related times
.LP
7.2
Item state related times
.LP
7.3
Time concepts related to reliability performance
.LP
8
\fIMeasures of performances\fR
.LP
8.1
Availability performance
.LP
8.2
Reliability performance
.LP
8.3
Maintainability performance
.LP
8.4
Maintenance support performance
.LP
9
\fITest, data, design and analysis\fR
.LP
9.1
Test concepts
.LP
9.2
Data concepts
.LP
9.3
Design concepts
.LP
9.4
Analysis concepts
.LP
9.5
Improvement processes
.LP
10
\fIMeasure modifiers\fR
.sp 2P
.LP
PART\ II\ \(em\ \fBStatistical vocabulary\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1
\fIIntroduction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
2
\fITerms and definitions\fR
.LP
\fIAnnex A:\fR Alphabetical list of definitions contained in this
Supplement
.LP
\fIAnnex B:\fR Relations between defect, failure and fault concepts
.LP
\fIAnnex C:\fR List of recommended symbols and abbreviations
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\v'1P'
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
PART\ I
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBDependability Vocabulary\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
A consistent set of terms and definitions is required for the
development and use of the various Recommendations addressing aspects relating
the specifications, planning, data collection, analysis and evaluation
of the dependability, including availability performance, reliability performance,
maintainability performance and maintenance support performance. These needs
address the whole range of operational and maintenance aspects as applicable
to telecommunication networks, exchanges, transmission routes and channels,\
etc., independent of the types of services supported, including aspects
of providing the necessary maintenance.
.PP
The vocabulary provided by this Supplement is also of importance in
the handling of concepts related to quality of service and network performance.
The conceptual relationships between quality of service and network
performance to dependability and other item\(hyrelated performances is shown in
Figure\ 1. Further information on these performances is found in
Recommendation\ E.800.
.PP
The vocabulary also provides the necessary linking to the performances
of components and building blocks (hardware and software) of networks at
any
level of indenture (ref. definition 6019).
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 26P
.ad r
\fBFigure 1, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.PP
For the quantitative application and determination of measures,
the terms and definitions of Part\ II also need to be consulted.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBRelated Recommendations\fR \v'2p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
E.600\ \(em\ Terms and definitions of traffic engineering
.LP
E.800\ \(em\ Quality of service and dependability vocabulary.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBBasic concepts\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3001
\fBitem; entity\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIentit\*'e; individu\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIelemento; entidad; \*'item\fR
.PP
Any part, device, subsystem, functional unit, equipment or system that
can be individually considered.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ An \fIitem\fR | ay consist of hardware, software
or both, and may also include people, e.g.\ operators in a telephone operator
system.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In French, the term \fIentit\*'e\fR | eplaces the term
\fIdispositif\fR | reviously used in this meaning, because the term \fIdispositif\fR
is also the common equivalent for the English term \*Qdevice\*U.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ In French, the term \fIindividu\fR | s used mainly in
statistics.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3002
\fBrepaired item\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIentit\*'e r\*'epar\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIelemento reparado\fR
.PP
A repairable \fIitem\fR | hich is in fact repaired after a
\fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3003
\fBnon\(hyrepaired item\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIentit\*'e non r\*'epar\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIelemento no reparado\fR
.PP
An \fIitem\fR | hich is not repaired after a \fIfailure\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A \fInon\(hyrepaired item\fR | ay be repairable or not.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3005
\fBrequired function\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfonction requise\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfunci\*'on requerida\fR
.PP
A function or a combination of functions of an \fIitem\fR | hich is
considered necessary for the provisioning of a given \fIservice\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3006
\fBfunctional mode\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImode de fonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImodo de funcionamiento\fR
.PP
A subset of the whole set of possible functions of an
\fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3007
\fBinstant of time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIinstant\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIinstante (de tiempo)\fR
.PP
A single point on a time scale.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The time scale may be continuous as calendar time, or
discrete,\ e.g.\ number of use cycles.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3008
\fBtime interval\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIintervalle de temps\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIintervalo de tiempo\fR
.PP
All \fIinstants of time\fR | etween two given \fIinstants of\fR
\fItime\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3009
\fB(time) duration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIduraci\*'on\fR
.PP
The difference between the end points of a \fItime interval\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3010
\fBaccumulated time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee cumul\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo acumulado\fR
.PP
The sum of \fItime durations\fR | haracterized by given conditions
over a given \fItime interval\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3011
\fBmeasure\fR (as applied in the study of reliability performance and
related areas)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcaract\*'eristique (probabilit\*'e); mesure (en fiabilit\*'e\fR
\fIet domaines connexes)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImedida (aplicada en estudios de fiabilidad y\fR
\fIde aspectos conexos)\fR
.PP
A function or quantity used to describe a \fIrandom variable\fR | r a
\fIrandom process\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ For a \fIrandom variable\fR , examples of \fImeasures\fR
| re the
\fIdistribution function\fR | nd the \fImean\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3012
\fBoperation\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIexploitation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIexplotaci\*'on; operaci\*'on\fR
.PP
Combination of all technical and corresponding administrative
actions intended to allow an \fIitem\fR | to perform a \fIrequired function\fR
,
recognizing necessary adaptation to changes in external conditions.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ By external conditions are understood, for example, service
demand and environmental conditions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
3013
\fBmodification\fR (of an item)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImodification\fR (d'une entit\*'e)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImodificaci\*'on\fR (de un elemento)
.PP
The combination of all technical and corresponding administrative actions
intended to alter the \fIcapability\fR of an \fIitem\fR by changing, adding
or deleting one or more \fIrequired functions\fR .
.RT
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBPerformances\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4001
\fBdependability\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIs\* | ret\*'e de fonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIseguridad de funcionamiento\fR
.PP
The collective term used to describe the \fIavailability\fR
\fIperformance\fR | nd its influencing factors: \fIreliability performance,\fR
\fImaintainability performance\fR and \fImaintenance support performance\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ \fIDependability\fR is used only for general descriptions in
non\(hyquantitative terms.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4002
\fBavailability performance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdisponibilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdisponibilidad\fR
.PP
The ability of an \fIitem\fR | o be in a state to perform a \fIrequired\fR
\fIfunction\fR | t a given \fIinstant of time\fR or at any \fIinstant
of time\fR within a given \fItime interval\fR , assuming that the external
resources, if required, are provided.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ This ability depends on the combined aspects of the
\fIreliability performance\fR , the \fImaintainability performance\fR and the
\fImaintenance support performance\fR of an \fIitem\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In the definition of the \fIitem\fR | he external
resources
required must be delineated.
.PP
\fINote\ 3\fR \ \(em\ The term \fIavailability\fR | s used as an \fIavailability\fR
\fIperformance measure\fR .
.PP
\fINote 4\fR \ \(em\ Warning: the term \fIavailability\fR has occasionally been
used in connection with the term \fIitem\fR , but with an implied meaning
of \fIitem\fR being entirely different from that of this Supplement.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4003
\fBreliability performance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfiabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfiabilidad\fR
.PP
The ability of an \fIitem\fR | o perform a \fIrequired function\fR | nder
given conditions for a given \fItime interval\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ It is generally assumed that the \fIitem\fR | s
in a state to perform this \fIrequired function\fR at the beginning of
the \fItime interval\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The term \fIreliability\fR | s used as a \fImeasure\fR
of
\fIreliability performance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4004
\fBmaintainability performance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenibilidad\fR
.PP
The ability of an \fIitem\fR | nder stated conditions of use, to be
retained in, or restored to, a state in which it can perform a \fIrequired\fR
.PP
\fIfunction\fR , when \fImaintenance\fR is performed under given conditions
and using
stated procedures and resources.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The term \fImaintainability\fR | s used as a \fImeasure\fR
| f
\fImaintainability performance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4005
\fBmaintenance support performance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIlogistique de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIlog\*'istica de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
The ability of a maintenance organization, under given conditions, to provide
upon demand the resources required to maintain an \fIitem\fR , under a
given \fImaintenance policy\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The given conditions are related to the \fIitem\fR | tself
and to the conditions under which the \fIitem\fR is used and maintained.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
4006
\fBdurability\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdurabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdurabilidad\fR
.PP
The ability of an \fIitem\fR | o remain in a condition where it can
perform a \fIrequired function\fR under stated conditions of use and \fImaintenance\fR
until a limiting state is reached.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A limiting state of an \fIitem\fR | ay be characterized
by the
end of the \fIuseful life\fR , unsuitability for any economic or technological
reasons,\ etc.
.RT
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBEvents and states\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
5.1
\fIDefects\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5101
\fBdefect\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto\fR
.PP
Any departure of a characteristic of an \fIitem\fR | rom
requirements.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The requirements may or may not be expressed in the
form of a specification.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ A defect may or may not affect the ability of an
\fIitem\fR | o perform a \fIrequired function\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5102
\fBbug\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur de programmation; bogue\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror de programaci\*'on\fR
.PP
A software \fIdefect\fR | aused by a \fImistake\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5103
\fBcritical defect\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto cr\*'itico\fR
.PP
A \fIdefect\fR | hat is assessed likely to result in injury to persons
or significant material damage.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5104
\fBnon\(hycritical defect\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut non critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto no cr\*'itico\fR
.PP
A \fIdefect\fR | ther than a \fIcritical defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5105
\fBmajor defect\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut majeur\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto mayor\fR
.PP
A \fIdefect\fR | hat is likely to result in a \fIfailure\fR | r to reduce
materially the usability of the \fIitem\fR for its intended purpose.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5106
\fBminor defect; imperfection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut mineur; imperfection\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto menor; imperfecci\*'on\fR
.PP
A defect other than a \fImajor defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5107
\fBdefective; defective item\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efectueux; entit\*'e d\*'efectueuse\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefectuoso; elemento defectuoso\fR
.PP
An \fIitem\fR | hich contains one or more \fIdefects\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5108
\fBcritical defective item\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efectueux critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIelemento defectuoso cr\*'itico\fR
.PP
An \fIitem\fR | hich contains one or more \fIcritical defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5109
\fBmajor defective item\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efectueux majeur\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIelemento defectuoso mayor\fR
.PP
An \fIitem\fR | which contains one or more \fImajor defects\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5110
\fBminor defective item\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efectueux mineur\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIelemento defectuoso menor\fR
.PP
An \fIitem\fR | hich contains one or more \fIminor defects\fR | ut no
\fImajor defects\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5111
\fBdesign defect\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut de conception\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto de dise\o"n~"o\fR
.PP
A \fIdefect\fR | ue to an inadequate design of an \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5112
\fBmanufacturing defect\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaut de fabrication\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdefecto de fabricaci\*'on\fR
.PP
A \fIdefect\fR | ue to nonconformance in manufacture to the design of
an \fIitem\fR or to specified manufacturing processes.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
5.2
\fIFailures\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5201
\fBfailure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo\fR
.PP
The termination of the ability of an \fIitem\fR | o perform a
\fIrequired function\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ After \fIfailure\fR | he \fIitem\fR | as a fault.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5202
\fBcritical failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo cr\*'itico\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | hich is assessed likely to result in injury to
persons or significant material damage.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5203
\fBnon\(hycritical failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance non critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo no cr\*'itico\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | ther than a \fIcritical failure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5204
\fBmisuse failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance par mauvaise utilisation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo por uso incorrecto\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | ue to induced stresses during use which are beyond the
stated capabilities of the \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5205
\fBmishandling failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance par fausse manoeuvre\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo por manejo incorrecto\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | aused by incorrect handling or lack of care of the \fIitem\fR
.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5206
\fB(inherent) weakness failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance par fragilit\*'e (inh\*'erente)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo por fragilidad (inherente)\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | ue to a weakness inherent in the \fIitem\fR | tself
when subjected to stresses within the stated capabilities of the \fIitem\fR
.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5207
\fBdesign failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance de conception\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo de dise\o"n~"o\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | ue to a \fIdesign defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5208
\fBmanufacturing failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance de fabrication\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo de fabricaci\*'on\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | ue to a \fImanufacturing defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5209
\fBageing failure; wearout failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance par vieillissement; d\*'efaillance par usure\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo por envejecimiento; fallo por desgaste\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | hose probability of occurrence increases with the
passage of time, as a result of processes inherent in the \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5210
\fBsudden failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance soudaine\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo repentino\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | hat could not be anticipated by prior examination or
monitoring.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5211
\fBgradual failure; degradation failure; drift failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance progressive; d\*'egradation; d\*'efaillance
par\fR
\fId\*'erive\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo gradual; fallo por degradaci\*'on; fallo por\fR
\fIderiva\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | ue to a gradual change in time of given
characteristics of an \fIitem\fR and that could be anticipated by prior
examination or monitoring.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A \fIgradual failure\fR | an sometimes be avoided by
\fIpreventive maintenance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5212
\fBcataleptic failure; catastrophic failure\fR (deprecated)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance cataleptique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo catal\*'eptico; fallo catastr\*'ofico\fR |
(desaconsejado)
.PP
A \fIsudden failure\fR | hich results in a \fIcomplete fault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5213
\fBrelevant failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance pertinente; d\*'efaillance \*`a prendre en\fR
\fIcompte\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo pertinente; fallo relevante\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | o be included in interpreting test or operational
results or in calculating the value of a \fIreliability performance\fR
\fImeasure\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The criteria for the inclusion should be stated.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5214
\fBnon\(hyrelevant failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance non pertinente; d\*'efaillance \*`a ne pas\fR
\fIprendre en compte\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo no pertinente; fallo irrelevante\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | o be excluded in interpreting test or operational
results or in calculating the value of a \fIreliability performance measure\fR
.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The criteria for the exclusion should be stated.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5215
\fBprimary failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance primaire\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo primario\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | f an \fIitem\fR , not caused either directly or
indirectly by the \fIfailure\fR or the \fIfault\fR of another \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5216
\fBsecondary failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance secondaire\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo secundario\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | f an \fIitem\fR , caused either directly or indirectly
by the \fIfailure\fR | r the \fIfault\fR of another \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5217
\fBfailure cause\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcause de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcausa de fallo\fR
.PP
The circumstances during design, manufacture or use which have led to a
\fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5218
\fBfailure mechanism\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIm\*'ecanisme de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImecanismo de fallo\fR
.PP
The physical, chemical or other process which has led to a
\fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5219
\fBsystematic failure; reproducible failure; deterministic failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'efaillance syst\*'ematique; d\*'efaillance reproductible\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfallo sistem\*'atico; fallo reproducible; fallo determin\*'istico\fR
.PP
A \fIfailure\fR | elated in a deterministic way to a certain cause,
which can only be eliminated by a \fImodification\fR of the design or manufacturing
process, operational procedures, documentation or other relevant factors.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ \fICorrective maintenance\fR | ithout \fImodification\fR
will
usually not eliminate the \fIfailure cause\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ A \fIsystematic failure\fR | an be induced at will by
simulating the \fIfailure cause\fR .
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
5.3
\fIFaults\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5301
\fBfault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne; d\*'erangement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia\fR
.PP
The inability of an \fIitem\fR | o perform a \fIrequired function\fR ,
excluding that inability due to \fIpreventive maintenance\fR , lack of external
resources or planned actions.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A \fIfault\fR | s often the result of a \fIfailure\fR
| f the
\fIitem\fR itself, but may exist without prior \fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5302
\fBcritical fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia cr\*'itica\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | hich is assessed likely to result in injury to persons
or significant damage to material.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5303
\fBnon\(hycritical fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne non critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia no cr\*'itica\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR , other than a \fIcritical fault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5304
\fBmajor fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne majeure\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia mayor\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | hich affects a function considered to be of major
importance.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5305
\fBminor fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne mineure\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia menor\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | ther than a \fImajor fault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5306
\fBmisuse fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne par mauvaise utilisation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia por uso incorrecto\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | ue to induced stresses during use which are beyond the
stated capabilities of the \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5307
\fBmishandling fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne par fausse manoeuvre\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia por manejo incorrecto\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | aused by incorrect handling or lack of care of the
\fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5308
\fB(inherent) weakness fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne par fragilit\*'e (inh\*'erente)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia por fragilidad (inherente)\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | ue to a weakness inherent in the \fIitem\fR | tself when
subjected to stresses within the stated capabilities of the \fIitem\fR
.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5309
\fBdesign fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne de conception\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia de dise\o"n~"o\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | ue to a \fIdesign defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5310
\fBmanufacturing fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne de fabrication\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia de fabricaci\*'on\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | ue to a \fImanufacturing defect\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5311
\fBageing fault; wearout fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne par vieillissement; panne par usure\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia por envejecimiento; aver\*'ia por desgaste\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | esulting from an \fIageing failure\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5312
\fBprogramme\(hysensitive fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne mise en \*'evidence par le programme\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia dependiente del programa\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | hat is revealed as a result of the execution of some particular
sequence of instructions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5313
\fBdata\(hysensitive fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne mise en \*'evidence par les donn\*'ees\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia dependiente de los datos\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | hat is revealed as a result of the processing of a
particular pattern of data.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5314
\fBcomplete fault; function preventing fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne compl\*`ete\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia completa\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | haracterized by complete inability to perform all
\fIrequired functions\fR of an \fIitem\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The criteria for a \fIcomplete fault\fR | ave to be stated.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5315
\fBpartial fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne partielle\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia parcial\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | f an \fIitem\fR | ther than a \fIcomplete fault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5316
\fBpersistent fault; permanent fault; solid fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne permanente\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia permanente\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | f an \fIitem\fR | hat persists until an action of
\fIcorrective maintenance\fR is performed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5317
\fBintermittent fault; volatile fault; transient fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne intermittente; panne temporaire\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia intermitente; aver\*'ia transitoria\fR
.PP
A fault of an \fIitem\fR | hich persists for a limited \fItime duration\fR
| ollowing which the \fIitem\fR recovers the ability to perform a \fIrequired\fR
.PP
\fIfunction\fR without being subjected to any action of \fIcorrective maintenance\fR
.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Such a \fIfault\fR is often recurrent.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5318
\fBdeterminate fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne franche\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia clara; aver\*'ia determinable\fR
.PP
For an \fIitem\fR , which produces a response as a result of an action,
a \fIfault\fR for which the response is the same for all actions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5319
\fBindeterminate fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne ind\*'etermin\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia indeterminable\fR
.PP
For an \fIitem\fR , which produces a response as a result of an action,
a \fIfault\fR such that the \fIerror\fR affecting the response depends
on the action
applied.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ An example would be a \fIdata\(hysensitive fault\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5320
\fBlatent fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne latente\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia latente\fR
.PP
An existing \fIfault\fR | hat has not yet been recognized.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5321
\fBsystematic fault\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpanne syst\*'ematique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaver\*'ia sistem\*'atica\fR
.PP
A \fIfault\fR | esulting from a \fIsystematic failure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5322
\fBfault mode; failure mode\fR (deprecated)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImode de panne; mode de d\*'efaillance\fR | (terme
d\*'econseill\*'e)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImodo de aver\*'ia; modo de fallo\fR | (desaconsejado)
.PP
One of the possible states of a \fIfaulty item\fR , for a given
\fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5323
\fBfaulty\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIen panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaveriado\fR
.PP
Property of having a \fIfault\fR .
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
5.4
\fIErrors and mistakes\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5401
\fBerror\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror\fR
.PP
A discrepancy between a computed, observed or measured value or
condition and the true, specified or theoretically correct value or
condition.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ An \fIerror\fR | an be caused by a \fIfaulty item\fR
, e.g. a
computing \fIerror\fR | ade by a \fIfaulty\fR computer equipment.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5402
\fBexecution error; generated error\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur d'ex\*'ecution\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror de ejecuci\*'on\fR
.PP
\fIError\fR | roduced during the operation of a \fIfaulty item\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5403
\fBinteraction error\fR (man\(hymachine)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur d'interaction\fR | (homme\(hymachine)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror de interacci\*'on\fR | (hombre\(hym\*'aquina)
.PP
An \fIerror\fR | n the response of an \fIitem\fR | aused by a \fImistake\fR
| uring its use.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5404
\fBpropagated error\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur propag\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror propagado\fR
.PP
An \fIerror\fR | n the response to erroneous data input to a
non\(hyfaulty \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5405
\fBmistake; error\fR (deprecated in this sense)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur (humaine); faute\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIequivocaci\*'on; error\fR | (desaconsejado en este sentido)
.PP
A human action that produces an unintended result.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5.5
\fB\fIItem related states\fR | see also Figure 2)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 11P
.ad r
\fBFigure 2, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5501
\fBoperating state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI(\*'etat de) fonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de funcionamiento; estado operacional\fR
.PP
The state when an \fIitem\fR | s performing a \fIrequired\fR
\fIfunction\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5502
\fBnon\(hyoperating state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI(\*'etat de) non\(hyfonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de no funcionamiento\fR
.PP
The state when an \fIitem\fR | s not performing a \fIrequired\fR
\fIfunction\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5503
\fBstandby state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI(\*'etat d') attente\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de espera (en reserva)\fR
.PP
\fI\fR A non\(hyoperating \fIup state\fR | uring the \fIrequired time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5504
\fBidle state; free state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fB
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat vacant; \*'etat libre\fR
.LP
\fI\fR \fIS:\fR \fIestado de reposo; estado libre\fR
.PP
A non\(hyoperating \fIup state\fR | uring \fInon\(hyrequired time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5505
\fBdisabled state; outage\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat d'incapicit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de incapacidad\fR
.PP
\fR A state of an \fIitem\fR | haracterized by its inability to perform
a \fIrequired function\fR , for any reason.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5506
\fBexternal disabled state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat d'incapacit\*'e externe\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de incapacidad externa\fR
.PP
That subset of the \fIdisabled state\fR | hen the \fIitem\fR | s in an
\fIup state\fR , but lacks required external resources.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5507
\fBdown state; internal disabled state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat d'indisponibilit\*'e; \*'etat d'incapacit\*'e interne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de indisponibilidad; estado de incapacidad\fR
\fIinterna\fR
.PP
A state of an \fIitem\fR | haracterized by a \fIfault\fR | r by a possible
inability to perform a \fIrequired function\fR during \fIpreventive\fR
\fImaintenance\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This state relates to \fIavailability performance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5508
\fBup state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat de disponibilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de disponibilidad\fR
.PP
A state of an \fIitem\fR | haracterized by the fact that it can
perform a \fIrequired function\fR , assuming that the external resources, if
required, are provided.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This state relates to
\fIavailability performance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5509
\fBbusy state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat occup\*'e; occupation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado de ocupaci\*'on; estado de ocupado\fR
.PP
The state of an \fIitem\fR | n which it performs a \fIrequired function\fR
| or a user and for that reason is not accessible by other users.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
5510
\fBcritical state\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'etat critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestado cr\*'itico\fR
.PP
A state of an \fIitem\fR | ssessed likely to result in injury to
persons or significant material damage.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A \fIcritical state\fR | ay be the result of a \fIcritical
fault\fR , but not necessarily.
.RT
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBMaintenance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6001
\fBmaintenance philosophy\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIphilosophie de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfilosof\*'ia de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
A system of underlying principles for the organization and
execution of the \fImaintenance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6002
\fBmaintenance policy\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpolitique de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIpol\*'itica de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
A description of the interrelationship between the \fImaintenance\fR \fIechelons\fR
, the \fIindenture levels\fR and the \fIlevels of maintenance\fR to be
applied for the \fImaintenance\fR of an \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6003
\fBmaintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento\fR
.PP
The combination of all technical and corresponding administrative actions,
including supervision actions, intended to retain an \fIitem\fR in, or
restore it to, a state in which it can perform a \fIrequired function\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6004
\fBpreventive maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance pr\*'eventive; entretien\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento preventivo\fR
.PP
The \fImaintenance\fR | arried out at predetermined intervals or
according to prescribed criteria and intended to reduce the \fIprobability\fR
of
\fIfailure\fR or the degradation of the functioning of an \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6005
\fBcorrective maintenance; repair\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance corrective; r\*'eparation; d\*'epannage\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento correctivo; reparaci\*'on\fR
.PP
The \fImaintenance\fR | arried out after \fIfault recognition\fR | nd
intended to restore an \fIitem\fR to a state in which it can perform a
\fIrequired\fR \fIfunction\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6006
\fBdeferred maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance diff\*'er\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento diferido\fR
.PP
Such \fIcorrective maintenance\fR | hich is not immediately initiated
after a \fIfault recognition\fR but is delayed in accordance with given
maintenance rules.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6007
\fBscheduled maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance programm\*'ee; entretien syst\*'ematique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento programado\fR
.PP
The \fIpreventive maintenance\fR | arried out in accordance with an
established time schedule.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6008
\fBunscheduled maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance non programm\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento no programado\fR
.PP
The \fImaintenance\fR | arried out, not in accordance with an
established time schedule, but, for example, after reception of an indication
regarding the state of an \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6009
\fBon\(hysite maintenance; in situ maintenance; field maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance in situ\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento local; mantenimiento sobre el\fR
\fIterreno\fR
.PP
\fIMaintenance\fR | erformed at the premises where the \fIitem\fR | s
used.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6010
\fBoff\(hysite maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance d\*'eport\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento no local\fR
.PP
\fIMaintenance\fR | erformed at a place different from where the
\fIitem\fR is used.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ An example is the \fIrepair\fR | f a sub\(hyitem at
a maintenance
centre.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6011
\fBremote maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIt\*'el\*'emaintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento remoto; telemantenimiento\fR
.PP
\fIMaintenance\fR | f an \fIitem\fR | erformed without physical access
of the personnel to the \fIitem\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6012
\fBautomatic maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance automatique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento autom\*'atico\fR
.PP
\fIMaintenance\fR | ccomplished without human intervention.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6013
\fBfunction\(hyaffecting maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance affectant les fonctions\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento que afecta a la funci\*'on\fR
.PP
A \fImaintenance action\fR | hat affects one or more of the
\fIrequired functions\fR of a maintained \fIitem\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ \fIFunction\(hyaffecting maintenance\fR | s divided into
\fIfunction\(hypreventing maintenance\fR and \fIfunction\(hydegrading\fR
\fImaintenance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6014
\fBfunction\(hypreventing maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance\(hyarr\* | t; maintenance emp\* | chant\fR
\fIl'accomplissement des fonctions\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento con discontinuidad de funciones\fR
.PP
A \fImaintenance action\fR | hat prevents a maintained \fIitem\fR
| rom performing a \fIrequired function\fR by causing complete loss of all the
functions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6015
\fBfunction\(hydegrading maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance avec d\*'egradation; maintenance\fR
\fId\*'egradant les fonctions\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento con degradaci\*'on de funciones\fR
.PP
A \fImaintenance action\fR | hat affects one or more of the
\fIrequired functions\fR | f a maintained \fIitem\fR , but not to such
extent as to
cause complete loss of all the functions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6016
\fBfunction\(hypermitting maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance en fonctionnement; maintenance en\fR
\fIexploitation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento sin discontinuidad de funciones\fR
.PP
A \fImaintenance action\fR | hat does not affect any of the
\fIrequired functions\fR | f a maintained \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6017
\fBlevel of maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIniveau de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fInivel de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
The \fImaintenance action\fR | o be carried out at a specified
\fIindenture level\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Examples of a \fImaintenance action\fR | re replacing a
component, a printed circuit board, a subsystem,\ etc.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6018
\fBmaintenance echelon; line of maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'echelon de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIescal\*'on de mantenimiento; l\*'inea de\fR
\fImantenimiento\fR
.PP
The position in an organization where specified \fIlevels of\fR
\fImaintenance\fR | re to be carried out on an \fIitem\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Examples of \fImaintenance echelons\fR | re: field,
repair
shop, manufacturer.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The \fImaintenance echelon\fR | s characterized
by the skill of the personnel, the facilities available, the location,\
etc.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6019
\fBindenture level\fR (for maintenance)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIniveau d'intervention\fR (pour la maintenance)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fInivel de intervenci\*'on\fR (para el mantenimiento)
.PP
A level of subdivision of an \fIitem\fR | rom the point of view of a \fImaintenance
action\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Examples of \fIindenture levels\fR | ould be a subsystem,
a
circuit board, a component.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ The \fIindenture level\fR | epends on the complexity
of the
item's construction, the accessibility to sub\(hyitems, skill level of
maintenance personnel, test equipment facilities, safety considerations,\
etc.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6020
\fBelementary maintenance activity\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIop\*'eration \*'el\*'ementaire de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIacci\*'on elemental de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
The unit of work into which a maintenance activity may be broken down at
a given \fIindenture level\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6021
\fBmaintenance action; maintenance task\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIop\*'eration de maintenance; t\* | che de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIacci\*'on de mantenimiento; tarea de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
A sequence of \fIelementary maintenance activities\fR | arried out for
a given purpose.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Examples are \fIfault diagnosis\fR , \fIfault localization\fR
| nd
\fIfunction check\(hyout\fR or combinations thereof.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6022
\fBsupervision\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIsurveillance; supervision\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIsupervisi\*'on\fR
.PP
Activity, performed either manually or automatically, intended to observe
the state of an \fIitem\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Automatic \fIsupervision\fR | ay be performed internally or
externally to the \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6023
\fBcontrolled maintenance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenance dirig\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenimiento dirigido\fR
.PP
A method to sustain a desired \fIquality of service\fR | y the
systematic application of analysis techniques using centralized supervisory
facilities and/or sampling to minimize \fIpreventive maintenance\fR and
to reduce \fIcorrective maintenance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6024
\fBfault recognition\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'etection (de panne)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdetecci\*'on (de una aver\*'ia\fR )
.PP
The event when a \fIfault\fR | s recognized.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6025
\fBfault diagnosis\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdiagnostic (de panne)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdiagn\*'ostico (de una aver\*'ia)\fR
.PP
Actions taken for \fIfault recognition\fR , \fIfault localization\fR | nd\fR
cause identification.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6026
\fBfault localization; fault location\fR (deprecated in this sense)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fR
\fIF:\fR \fIlocalisation de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIlocalizaci\*'on\fR (de una aver\*'ia)
.PP
Actions taken to identify the \fIfaulty\fR sub\(hyitem or sub\(hyitems at
the appropriate \fIindenture level\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6027
\fBfault correction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcorrection (de panne)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcorrecci\*'on (de una aver\*'ia)\fR
.PP
Actions taken after \fIfault localization\fR | ntended to restore the
ability of the \fIfaulty item\fR to perform a \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6028
\fBfunction check\(hyout\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIv\*'erification (de fonctionnement)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIverificaci\*'on de funcionamiento\fR
.PP
Actions taken after \fIfault correction\fR | o verify that the \fIitem\fR
| as recovered its ability to perform the \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6029
\fBrestoration; recovery\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIr\*'etablissement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIrestablecimiento; restauraci\*'on\fR
.PP
That event when the \fIitem\fR | egains the ability to perform a
\fIrequired function\fR after a \fIfault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
6030
\fBmaintenance entity\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcellule de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcellula de mantenimiento; entidad de\fR
\fImantenimiento\fR
.PP
A sub\(hyitem of a given \fIitem\fR | efined with the intention that an
alarm \(em\ caused by a \fIfault\fR in that sub\(hyitem\ \(em will be unambiguously
referrable to the sub\(hyitem.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB7\fR \fBTime concepts\fR (see also Figure 3)
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
7.1
\fIMaintenance related times\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7101
\fBmaintenance time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which a \fImaintenance action\fR | s
performed on an \fIitem\fR either manually or automatically, including
\fItechnical\fR \fIdelays\fR and \fIlogistic delays\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ \fIMaintenance\fR | ay be carried out while the \fIitem\fR
| s
performing a \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7102
\fBmaintenance man\(hyhours (MMH)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee \*'equivalente de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIduraci\*'on equivalente de mantenimiento;\fR
\fIhoras\(hyhombre de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
The accumulated durations of the \fImaintenance times\fR , expressed in
hours, used by all maintenance personnel for a given type of \fImaintenance\fR
\fIaction\fR or over a given \fItime interval\fR .
.bp
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 30P
.ad r
\fBFigure 3, p. 6\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7103
\fBactive maintenance time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de maintenance active\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de mantenimiento activo\fR
.PP
That part of the \fImaintenance time\fR | uring which a \fImaintenance\fR
\fIaction\fR | s performed on an \fIitem\fR , either automatically or
manually,
excluding \fIlogistic delays\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Active maintenance may be carried out while the \fIitem\fR
| s
performing a \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7104
\fBpreventive maintenance time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de maintenance pr\*'eventive\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de mantenimiento preventivo\fR
.PP
That part of the \fImaintenance time\fR | uring which \fIpreventive\fR
\fImaintenance\fR | s performed on an \fIitem\fR , including \fItechnical
delays\fR and
\fIlogistic delays\fR inherent in \fIpreventive maintenance\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7105
\fBrepair time; corrective maintenance time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de r\*'eparation; temps de maintenance\fR
\fIcorrective\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de reparaci\*'on; tiempo de mantenimiento\fR
\fIcorrectivo\fR
.PP
That part of the \fImaintenance time\fR | uring which \fIcorrective\fR
\fImaintenance\fR | s performed on an \fIitem\fR , including \fItechnical
delays\fR and
\fIlogistic delays\fR inherent in \fIcorrective maintenance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7106
\fBactive preventive maintenance time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de maintenance pr\*'eventive active\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de mantenimiento preventivo activo\fR
.PP
That part of the \fIactive maintenance time\fR | uring which actions of
\fIpreventive maintenance\fR are performed on an \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7107
\fBactive repair time; active corrective maintenance time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de r\*'eparation active; temps de maintenance\fR \fIcorrective
active\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de reparaci\*'on activo; tiempo de\fR
\fImantenimiento correctivo activo\fR
.PP
That part of the \fIactive maintenance time\fR | uring which actions of
\fIcorrective maintenance\fR are performed on an \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7108
\fBundetected fault time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de non\(hyd\*'etection de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de no detecci\*'on de una aver\*'ia\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | etween a \fIfailure\fR | nd recognition of
the resulting \fIfault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7109
\fBadministrative delay\fR (for corrective maintenance)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'elai administratif\fR (pour la maintenance
corrective)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIretardo administrativo\fR (para el mantenimiento
correctivo); \fIdemora administrativa\fR
.PP
The \fIaccumulated time\fR | uring which an action of \fIcorrective\fR
\fImaintenance\fR | n a \fIfaulty item\fR is not performed due to administrative
reasons.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7110
\fBlogistic delay\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'elai logistique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIretardo log\*'istico; demora log\*'istica\fR
.PP
That \fIaccumulated time\fR | uring which a \fImaintenance action\fR
| annot be performed due to the necessity to acquire \fImaintenance\fR
resources, excluding any \fIadministrative delay\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ \fILogistic delays\fR | an be due to, e.g.\ travelling to
unattended installations, awaiting the arrival of spare parts, specialists
or test equipment.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7111
\fBfault correction time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de correction de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de correcci\*'on de una aver\*'ia\fR
.PP
That part of \fIactive repair time\fR | uring which \fIfault correction\fR
| s performed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7112
\fBtechnical delay\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fId\*'elai technique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIretardo t\*'ecnico; demora t\*'ecnica\fR
.PP
The \fIaccumulated time\fR | ecessary to perform auxiliary technical actions
associated with the \fImaintenance action\fR itself.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7113
\fBcheck\(hyout time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de v\*'erification (du fonctionnement)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de verificaci\*'on (de funcionamiento)\fR
.PP
That part of \fIactive repair time\fR | uring which \fIfunction\fR
\fIcheck\(hyout\fR | s performed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7114
\fBfault localization time; fault location time\fR (deprecated)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de localisation (de panne)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de localizaci\*'on de una aver\*'ia\fR
.PP
That part of \fIactive repair time\fR | uring which \fIfault\fR
\fIlocalization\fR | s performed.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
7.2
\fIItem\(hystate related times\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7201
\fBoperating time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de fonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de funcionamiento\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s an \fIoperating\fR
\fIstate\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7202
\fBnon\(hyoperating time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de non\(hyfonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de no funcionamiento\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in a
\fInon\(hyoperating state\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7203
\fBrequired time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode requise\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIperiodo requerido\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which the user requires the \fIitem\fR
| o be in a condition to perform a \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7204
\fBnon\(hyrequired time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode non requise\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIperiodo no requerido\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which the user does not require the
\fIitem\fR | o be in a condition to perform a \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7205
\fBstand\(hyby time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode d'attente\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de espera (en reserva)\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in a \fIstand\(hyby\fR
\fIstate\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7206
\fBidle time; free time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode vacante; temps mort; temps libre\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de reposo; tiempo muerto; tiempo libre\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in a \fIfree\fR
\fIstate\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7207
\fBdisabled time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps d'incapacit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de incapacidad\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in a \fIdisabled\fR
\fIstate\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7208
\fBdown time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps d'indisponibilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de indisponibilidad\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in a \fIdown\fR
\fIstate\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7209
\fBaccumulated down time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee cumul\*'ee d'indisponibilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de indisponibilidad acumulado\fR
.PP
The sum of the duration of \fIdown times\fR | ver a given \fItime\fR
\fIinterval\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7210
\fBexternal disabled time; external loss time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps d'incapacit\*'e externe\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de incapacidad externa\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in an \fIexternal\fR
\fIdisabled state\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7211
\fBup time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de disponibilit\*'e; temps de bon\fR
\fIfonctionnement\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de disponibilidad\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in an
\fIup state\fR .
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
7.3
\fI Time concepts related to reliability performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7301
\fBtime to first failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee de fonctionnement avant la premi\*`ere\fR
\fId\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo hasta el primer fallo\fR
.PP
Total \fItime duration\fR | f the \fIoperating time\fR | f an \fIitem\fR
| rom the \fIinstant of time\fR it is first put in an \fIup state\fR ,
until \fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7302
\fBtime to failure\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee de fonctionnement avant d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo hasta el fallo\fR
.PP
Total \fItime duration\fR | f the \fIoperating time\fR | f an \fIitem\fR
, from the \fIinstant of time\fR it goes from a \fIdown state\fR to an
\fIup state\fR , after a
corrective \fImaintenance action\fR , until the next \fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7303
\fBtime between failures\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps entre d\*'efaillances\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo entre fallos\fR
.PP
The \fItime duration\fR | etween two successive \fIfailures\fR | f a
\fIrepaired item\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ Those parts of \fInon\(hyoperating time\fR | hich
are included
must be identified.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In some applications only the \fIup time\fR | s
considered.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7304
\fBtime to restoration; time to recovery\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo de aver\*'ia\fR
.PP
The \fItime interval\fR | uring which an \fIitem\fR | s in a \fIdown
state\fR | ue to a \fIfailure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7305
\fBuseful life\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI(dur\*'ee de) vie utile\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIvida \*'util\fR
.PP
Under given conditions, the \fItime interval\fR | eginning at a given
\fIinstant of time\fR , and ending when the \fIfailure intensity\fR becomes
unacceptable or when the \fIitem\fR is considered unrepairable as a result of a
\fIfault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7306
\fBearly failure period\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode initiale de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIperiodo de fallos inicial\fR
.PP
That possible early period in the life of an \fIitem\fR , beginning at
a given \fIinstant of time\fR and during which the \fIinstantaneous failure\fR
\fIintensity\fR for a \fIrepaired item\fR or the \fIinstantaneous failure
rate\fR for a
\fInon\(hyrepaired\fR \fIitem\fR decreases rapidly.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In any particular case, it is necessary to explain what is
meant by \*Qdecreases rapidly\*U.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7307
\fBconstant failure intensity period\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode d'intensit\*'e constante de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIperiodo de intensidad de fallos constante\fR
.PP
That possible period in the life of a \fIrepaired item\fR | uring
which the \fIfailure intensity\fR is approximately constant.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In any particular case it is necessary to explain what is
meant by \*Qapproximately constant\*U.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7308
\fBconstant failure rate period\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode de densit\*'e constante de d\*'efaillance; p\*'eriode
de\fR \fItaux constant de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIperiodo de tasa de fallos constante\fR
.PP
That possible period in the life of a \fInon\(hyrepaired item\fR | uring
which the \fIfailure rate\fR is approximately constant.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In any particular case it is necessary to explain what is
meant by \*Qapproximately constant\*U.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
7309
\fBwear\(hyout failure period\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIp\*'eriode de d\*'efaillance par vieillissement; p\*'eriode
de\fR \fId\*'efaillance par usure\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIperiodo de fallos por envejecimiento\fR
.PP
That possible later period in the life of an \fIitem\fR
| uring which the \fIinstantaneous failure intensity\fR for a \fIrepaired
item\fR or
the \fIinstantaneous failure rate\fR for a \fInon\(hyrepaired item\fR increases
rapidly.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In any particular case it is necessary to explain what is
meant by \*Qincreases rapidly\*U.
.bp
.RT
.LP
\fB8\fR \fBMeasures of performances\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
8.1
\fIAvailability performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8101
\fBinstantaneous availability; pointwise availability; A(t)\fR
(symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdisponibilit\*'e (instantan\*'ee), A(t)\fR | symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdisponibilidad instant\*'anea, A(t)\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | hat an \fIitem\fR | s in an \fIup state\fR | t
a given \fIinstant of time\fR , \fIt\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In French the term \fIdisponibilit\*'e\fR | s also
used to denote
the performance quantified by this \fIprobability\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8102
\fBinstantaneous unavailability; pointwise unavailability; U(t)\fR
(symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIindisponibilit\*'e (instantan\*'ee), U(t)\fR | symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIindisponibilidad instant\*'anea, U(t)\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The probability that an \fIitem\fR | s in a \fIdown state\fR | t a given
\fIinstant of time\fR , \fIt\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8103
\fBmean availability,\fR
\fBA\fR \fB(t\fR\(da\fB1, | \fR\(da\fB2)\fR
(symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdisponibilit\*'e moyenne,\fR
\fIA\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u,
\fIt\fR\d2\u)\fR (symbole)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdisponibilidad media,\fR
\fIA\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u,
\fIt\fR\d2\u)\fR (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The normalized integral of the \fIinstantaneous availability\fR | n a
given \fItime interval\fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, \fIt\fR\d2\u).
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fImean availability\fR | s related to the \fIinstantaneous\fR
\fIavailability\fR as
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA | fR (\fIt\fR \d1\u
, \fIt\fR \d2\u) =
[Formula Deleted]
@ pile { fIt\fR~\d2\u above int above \fIt\fR~\d1\u } @
\fIA\fR (\fIt\fR ) d\fIt\fR .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
8104
\fBmean unavailability,\fR
\fBU\fR \fB(t\fR\(da\fB1, t\fR\(da\fB2)\fR
(symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIindisponibilit\*'e moyenne,\fR \fIU\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)\fR (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIindisponibilidad media,\fR \fIU\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)\fR (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The normalized integral of the \fIinstantaneous unavailability\fR | n
a stated \fItime interval\fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u).
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fImean unavailability\fR | s related to the \fIinstantaneous\fR
\fIunavailability\fR as
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIU | fR (\fIt\fR \d1\u
, \fIt\fR \d2\u) =
[Formula Deleted]
@ pile { fIt\fR~\d2\u above int above \fIt\fR~\d1\u } @
\fIU\fR (\fIt\fR ) d\fIt\fR .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
8105
\fB(asymptotic) availability; (steady\(hystate) availability; A\fR
(symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdisponibilit\*'e asymptotique; disponibilit\*'e, A\fR
| symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdisponibilidad (asint\*'otica); disponibilidad\fR
\fI(en r\*'egimen permanente); A\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.LP
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the \fIinstantaneous availability\fR
| hen the time tends to infinity.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Under certain conditions, for instance constant failure
rate and constant repair rate, the \fIasymptotic availability\fR may be
expressed
as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIA\fR =
@ { fIMUT\fR } over { fIMUT\fR~+~\fIMDT\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where
.LP
\fIMDT\fR | s the \fImean down time\fR
.LP
\fIMUT\fR | s the \fImean up time\fR .
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
8106
\fBasymptotic unavailability, U\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIindisponibilit\*'e asymptotique, U\fR | symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIindisponibilidad asint\*'otica, U\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.LP
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the \fIinstantaneous unavailability\fR | hen
the time tends to infinity.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Under certain conditions, for instance constant failure
rate and constant repair rate, the \fIasymptotic unavailability\fR may
be expressed
as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIU\fR =
@ { fIMDT\fR } over { fIMDT\fR~+~\fIMUT\fR } @
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
where
.LP
\fIMDT\fR | s the \fImean down time\fR
.LP
\fIMUT\fR | s the \fImean up time\fR .
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8107
\fBasymptotic mean availability,\fR
\fBA\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdisponibilit\*'e moyenne asymptotique,\fR \fIA\fR |
(symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdisponibilidad media asint\*'otica,\fR \fIA\fR |
(s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the \fImean availability\fR | ver a
\fItime\fR \fIinterval\fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u) when \fIt\fR\d2\utends
to infinity.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The \fIasymptotic mean availability\fR | s related
to the
\fImean availability\fR as
\v'6p'
.RT
.LP
\fIA | fR = lim\
\fIA | fR (\fIt\fR \d1\u,
\fIt\fR \d2\u)
.LP
\fIA | fR =
\fIt\fR \d2\u
\(ra\(if
.LP
.sp 1
.PP
\fINote 2\fR \ \(em\ When such a limit exists it is not dependent on
\fIt\fR\d1\u.
.sp 1P
.LP
8108
\fBasymptotic mean unavailability,\fR
\fBU\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIindisponibilit\*'e moyenne asymptotique,\fR \fIU\fR |
(symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIindisponibilidad media\fR \fIasint\*'otica\fR ,\fR \fIU\fR |
(s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the \fImean unavailability\fR | ver a
\fItime interval\fR | \fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u) when \fIt\fR\d2\utends
to infinity.
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The \fIasymptotic mean unavailability\fR | s related
to the
\fImean unavailability\fR | s
\v'6p'
.RT
.LP
\fIU | fR = lim\
\fIU | fR (\fIt\fR \d1\u,
\fIt\fR \d2\u)
.LP
\fIU | fR =
\fIt\fR \d2\u
\(ra\(if
.PP
.sp 1
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ When such a limit exists it is not dependent on
\fIt\fR\d1\u.
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8109
\fBmean up time (MUT)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps moyen de disponibilit\*'e; dur\*'ee moyenne de\fR
\fIdisponibilit\*'e (TMD)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio de disponibilidad (TMD)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIup time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8110
\fBmean accumulated down time (MADT)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee cumul\*'ee moyenne d'indisponibilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio acumulado de indisponibilidad (TMAI)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIaccumulated down time\fR .
.bp
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8111
\fBinstantaneous availability of a leased circuit\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdisponibilit\*'e instantan\*'ee d'un circuit lou\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdisponibilidad instant\*'anea de un circuito arrendado\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | hat, under stated operating conditions, a
leased circuit can perform a \fIrequired function\fR when requested by the
subscriber.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
8.2
\fIReliability performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8201
\fBreliability, R\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfiabilit\*'e, R\fR | symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfiabilidad, R\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | hat an \fIitem\fR | an perform a \fIrequired\fR
\fIfunction\fR | nder stated conditions for a given \fItime interval\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ It is generally assumed that the \fIitem\fR | s
in a state to perform this \fIrequired function\fR at the beginning of
the \fItime interval\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ In French, the term \fIfiabilit\*'e\fR | s also
used to denote the performance quantified by this \fIprobability\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8202
\fB(instantaneous) failure rate, \(*l(t)\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdensit\*'e (temporelle) (instantan\*'ee) de d\*'efaillance;\fR
\fItaux (instantan\*'e) de d\*'efaillance, \(*l(t)\fR | (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItasa (instant\*'anea) de fallos, \(*l(t)\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the ratio of the conditional
\fIprobability\fR | hat the \fItime to failure\fR , \fIT\fR , of an \fIitem\fR
falls within a
given \fItime interval\fR , (\fIt\fR , | fIt\fR +?63\fIt\fR ), to the length
of this interval, ?63\fIt\fR , when ?63\fIt\fR tends to zero, given that
the \fIitem\fR is in a state to perform a \fIrequired function\fR at the
beginning of the \fItime interval\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fIinstantaneous failure rate\fR | s expressed
by formula
as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.LP
\(*l
(\fIt\fR ) = lim
\(*l
(\fIt\fR )
=
?63
(\fIt\fR )
\(ra0+
@ { fIPr\fR (\fIt\fR~<~\fIT\fR~\(=~\fIt\fR~+~?63~\fIt\fR | \fIT\fR~>~\fIt\fR ) } over { 63\fIt\fR } @
.LP
.sp 1
where \fIT\fR | s the \fIinstant of time\fR | f \fIfailure\fR .
.LP
.PP
The formula is also applicable if \fIT\fR | enotes the \fItime to\fR
\fIfailure\fR .
.sp 1P
.LP
8203
\fBmean failure rate,\fR
\fB\(*l\fR \fB(t\fR\(da\fB1, | \fR\(da\fB2)\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItaux moyen de d\*'efaillance; densit\*'e (temporelle) moyenne\fR
\fIde d\*'efaillance,\fR
\fI\(*l\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u) (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItasa media de fallos,\fR \fI\(*l\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)\fR (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The normalized integral of the \fIinstantaneous failure rate\fR | ver
a given \fItime interval\fR , (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u).
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fImean failure rate\fR | elates to \fIinstantaneous
failure\fR \fIrate\fR as
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\(*l
(\fIt\fR \d1\u
, \fIt\fR \d2\u) =
[Formula Deleted]
@ pile { fIt\fR~\d2\u above int above \fIt\fR~\d1\u } @ \(*l (\fIt\fR ) d\fIt\fR .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.sp 1P
.LP
8204
\fB(instantaneous) failure intensity, z(t)\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIintensit\*'e (instantan\*'ee) de d\*'efaillance, z(t)\fR
| (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIintensitad (instant\*'anea) de fallos, z(t)\fR | (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the ratio of the mean number of
\fIfailures\fR | f a \fIrepaired item\fR in a \fItime interval\fR ,
(\fIt\fR , | fIt\fR | | 63\fIt\fR ), to the length of this interval,
?63\fIt\fR , when the length of
the \fItime interval\fR tends to zero.
.bp
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fIinstantaneous failure intensity\fR | s expressed by
formula as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.LP
\fIz\fR (\fIt\fR ) = lim
\fIz\fR (\fIt\fR ) =
?63\fIt\fR \(ra0+
@ { fIE\fR~[\fIN\fR (\fIt\fR~+~?63\fIt\fR ) \(em~\fIN\fR (\fIt\fR )] } over { 63\fIt\fR } @
.LP
.sp 1
.LP
where \fIN\fR | \fIt\fR ) is the number of \fIfailures\fR | n the \fItime
interval\fR |
(0, | fIt\fR ).
.sp 1P
.LP
8205
\fBmean failure intensity,
\fBz\fR \fB(t\fR\(da\fB1, | \fR\(da\fB2)\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIintensit\*'e moyenne de d\*'efaillance,\fR \fIz\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u) (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIintensidad media de fallos,\fR \fIz\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u) (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The normalized integral of the \fIinstantaneous failure intensity\fR |
over a given \fItime interval\fR | (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u).
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fImean failure intensity\fR | s related to \fIinstantaneous\fR
\fIfailure intensity\fR as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIz | fR (\fIt\fR \d1\u
, \fIt\fR \d2\u) =
[Formula Deleted]
@ pile { fIt\fR~\d2\u above int above \fIt\fR~\d1\u } @ \fIz\fR (\fIt\fR ) d\fIt\fR .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.sp 1P
.LP
8206
\fBmean time to first failure (MTTFF)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne de fonctionnement avant la premi\*`ere\fR
\fId\*'efaillance (MTTFF)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio hasta el primer fallo (MTTFF)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fItime to first failure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8207
\fBmean time to failure (MTTF)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne de fonctionnement avant d\*'efaillance\fR
\fI(MTTF)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio hasta el fallo (MTTF)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fItime to failure\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8208
\fBmean time between failures (MTBF)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImoyenne des temps entre d\*'efaillances (MTBF)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio entre fallos (MTBF)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fItime between failures\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8209
\fBfailure rate acceleration factor\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfacteur d'acc\*'el\*'eration de la densit\*'e de d\*'efaillance;\fR
\fIfacteur d'acc\*'el\*'eration du taux de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfactor de aceleraci\*'on de la tasa de fallos\fR
.PP
The ratio of the accelerated testing \fIfailure rate\fR | o the
\fIfailure rate\fR under stated reference test conditions.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Both \fIfailure rates\fR | efer to the same time period
in the
life of the tested \fIitems\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8210
\fBfailure intensity acceleration factor\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfacteur d'acc\*'el\*'eration de l'intensit\*'e de d\*'efaillance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfactor de aceleraci\*'on de la intensidad de fallos\fR
.PP
In a \fItime interval\fR | f given \fIduration\fR , whose beginning is
specified by a fixed age of a \fIrepaired item\fR , the ratio of the number of
\fIfailures\fR obtained under two different sets of stress conditions.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
8.3
\fIMaintainability performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
8301
\fBmaintainability\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImaintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImantenibilidad\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | hat a given active \fImaintenance action\fR ,
for an \fIitem\fR | nder given conditions of use can be carried out within
a stated
\fItime interval\fR , when the \fImaintenance\fR is performed under stated
conditions
and using stated procedures and resources.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ In French the term \fImaintenabilit\*'e\fR | s also
to denote the
performance quantified by this \fIprobability\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8302
\fB(instantaneous) repair rate, \(*m(t)\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdensit\*'e (temporelle) (instantan\*'ee), de\fR
\fIr\*'eparation, \(*m (t)\fR | symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItasa (instant\*'anea) de reparaciones, \(*m(t)\fR | s\*'imbolo)
.LP
.PP
The limit, if this exists, of the ratio of the conditional
\fIprobability\fR | hat the corrective \fImaintenance action\fR terminates
in a \fItime\fR \fIinterval\fR , (\fIt\fR , \fIt\fR +?63\fIt\fR ) to the
length of this \fItime interval\fR , when ?63\fIt\fR tends to
zero, given that the action had not terminated at the beginning of the
\fItime\fR \fIinterval\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fIinstantaneous repair rate\fR | s expressed by
formula
as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.LP
\(*m
(\fIt\fR ) = lim
\(*m
(\fIt\fR )
=
?63
(\fIt\fR )
\(ra0
@ { fIPr\fR (\fIt\fR~<~\fIT\fR~\(=~\fIt\fR~+~?63~\fIt\fR | \fIT\fR~>~\fIt\fR ) } over { 63\fIt\fR } @
.LP
.sp 1
where \fIT\fR | is the \fIinstant of time\fR | f \fIrestoration\fR .
.PP
\fIT\fR | ay also represent the \fItime to restoration\fR .
.sp 1P
.LP
8303
\fBmean repair rate,\fR
\fB\(*m\fR \fB(t\fR\(da\fB1, | \fR\(da\fB2)\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdensit\*'e (temporelle) moyenne de r\*'eparation,\fR
\fI\(*m | fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u) (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItasa media de reparaciones,\fR \fI\(*m | fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)
(s\*'imbolo)
.LP
.PP
The normalized integral of the \fIinstantaneous repair rate\fR | ver a
given \fItime interval\fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u).
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fImean repair rate\fR | s related to \fIinstantaneous
repair\fR \fIrate\fR as:
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\(*m
(\fIt\fR \d1\u
, \fIt\fR \d2\u) =
[Formula Deleted]
@ pile { fIt\fR~\d2\u above int above \fIt\fR~\d1\u } @ \(*m
(\fIt\fR ) d\fIt\fR .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.sp 1P
.LP
8304
\fBmean maintenance man\(hyhours\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne \*'equivalente de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIduraci\*'on media equivalente de mantenimiento;\fR
\fImedia de horas\(hyhombre de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fImaintenance man\(hyhours\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8305
\fBmean down time (MDT)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItemps moyen d'indisponibilit\*'e; dur\*'ee moyenne\fR \fId'indisponibilit\*'e
(TMI)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio de indisponibilidad (TMI)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIdown time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8306
\fBmean repair time (MRT)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne de r\*'eparation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio de reparaci\*'on\fR
.LP
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIrepair time\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8307
\fBp\(hyfractile repair time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIquantile\(hyp de la dur\*'ee de r\*'eparation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp del tiempo de reparaci\*'on\fR
.PP
The \fIp\(hyfractile\fR | alue of the \fIrepair time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8308
\fBmean active repair time (MART)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne de r\*'eparation active\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio de reparaci\*'on activa\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIactive repair time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8309
\fBp\(hyfractile active repair time\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIquantile\(hyp de la dur\*'ee de r\*'eparation active\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp del tiempo de reparaci\*'on activa\fR
.PP
The \fIp\(hyfractile\fR | alue of the \fIactive repair time\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8310
\fBmean time to restoration (MTTR); mean time to recovery;\fR
\fBmean time to repair\fR (deprecated)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne de panne; moyenne des temps pour la\fR
\fIt\* | che de r\*'eparation (MTTR)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItiempo medio hasta el restablecimiento (MTTR)\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fItime to restoration\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8311
\fBfault coverage\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcouverture de pannes\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcobertura de aver\*'ias\fR
.PP
The proportion of \fIfaults\fR | f an \fIitem\fR | hat can be recognized
under given conditions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8312
\fBrepair coverage\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcouverture des r\*'eparations\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcobertura de reparaciones\fR
.PP
The proportion of \fIfaults\fR | f an \fIitem\fR | hat can be successfully
removed.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
8.4
\fIMaintenance support performance\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8401
\fBmean administrative delay (MAD)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne du d\*'elai administratif\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIretardo medio administrativo; demora media\fR
\fIadministrativa\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIadministrative delay\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8402
\fBp\(hyfractile administrative delay\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIquantile\(hyp du d\*'elai administratif\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp del retardo administrativo;\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp
de la demora administrativa\fR
.PP
The \fIp\(hyfractile\fR | alue of the \fIadministrative delay\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8403
\fBmean logistic delay (MLD)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdur\*'ee moyenne du d\*'elai logistique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIretardo medio log\*'istico; demora media log\*'istica\fR
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the \fIlogistic delay\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
8404
\fBp\(hyfractile logistic delay\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIquantile\(hyp du d\*'elai logistique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp del retardo log\*'istico;\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp
de la demora log\*'istica\fR
.PP
The \fIp\(hyfractile\fR | alue of the \fIlogistic delay\fR .
.RT
.LP
\fB9\fR \fBTest, data, design and analysis\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
.sp 2P
.LP
9.1
\fITest concepts\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9101
\fBtest\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba\fR
.PP
An experiment made in order to measure or classify a
\fIcharacteristic\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9102
\fBcompliance test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai de conformit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba de conformidad\fR
.PP
A \fItest\fR | sed to show whether or not a \fIcharacteristic\fR | f an
\fIitem\fR | omplies with the stated requirements.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9103
\fBdetermination test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai de d\*'etermination\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba de determinaci\*'on\fR
.PP
A \fItest\fR | sed to establish the value of a
\fIcharacteristic\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9104
\fBlaboratory test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai en laboratoire\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba de laboratorio\fR
.PP
A \fIcompliance test\fR | r a \fIdetermination test\fR | ade under
prescribed and controlled conditions which may or may not simulate field
conditions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9105
\fBfield test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai dans des conditions d'exploitation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba en condiciones de explotaci\*'on; prueba en\fR
\fIcondiciones reales\fR
.PP
A \fIcompliance test\fR | r \fIdetermination test\fR | ade in the field
where operating, environmental, maintenance and measurement conditions are
recorded.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9106
\fBendurance test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai d'endurance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba de resistencia\fR
.PP
A \fItest\fR | arried out over a \fItime interval\fR | o investigate
how the properties of an \fIitem\fR are affected by the application of
stated stresses and by their \fItime duration\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9107
\fBaccelerated test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai acc\*'el\*'er\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba acelerada\fR
.PP
A \fItest\fR | n which the applied stress level is chosen to exceed
that stated in the reference conditions in order to shorten the \fItime
duration\fR required to observe the stress response of the \fIitem\fR ,
or to magnify the
responses in a given \fItime duration\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ To be valid, an \fIaccelerated test\fR | hall not alter
the basic \fIfault modes\fR and \fIfailure mechanisms\fR , or their relative
prevalence.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9108
\fBstep stress test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai sous contrainte \*'echelonn\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba de esfuerzo escalonado\fR
.PP
A \fItest\fR | onsisting of several stress levels applied sequentially
for periods of equal \fItime duration\fR | o an \fIitem\fR , in such a
way that during each \fItime interval\fR a stated stress level is applied
and the stress level is increased from one \fItime interval\fR to the next.
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9109
\fBscreening test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIessai de s\*'election\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba de selecci\*'on\fR
.PP
A \fItest\fR , or combination of \fItests\fR , intended to remove or detect
unsatisfactory \fIitems\fR | r those likely to exhibit early
\fIfailures\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9110
\fBtime acceleration factor\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfacteur d'acc\*'el\*'eration temporelle\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfactor de aceleraci\*'on temporal\fR
.PP
The ratio between the \fItime durations\fR | ecessary to obtain the
same stated number of \fIfailures\fR | r degradations in two equal size
samples
under two different sets of stress conditions involving the same \fIfailure\fR
\fImechanisms\fR and \fIfault modes\fR and their relative prevalence.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ One of the two sets of stress conditions should be a
reference set.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9111
\fBmaintainability verification\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIv\*'erification de la maintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIverificaci\*'on de la mantenibilidad\fR
.LP
.PP
A procedure applied for the purpose of determining whether the
requirements for \fImaintainability performance measures\fR for an \fIitem\fR
has been achieved or not.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The procedures may range from analysis of appropriate
data to a \fImaintainability demonstration\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9112
\fBmaintainability demonstration\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIv\*'erification exp\*'erimentale de maintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdemostraci\*'on de la mantenibilidad\fR
.PP
A \fImaintainability verification\fR | erformed as a \fIcompliance\fR
\fItest\fR .
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
9.2
\fIData concepts\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9201
\fBobserved data\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIvaleur observ\*'ee; donn\*'ee observ\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdatos observados; valores observados\fR
.PP
Values related to an \fIitem\fR | r a process obtained by direct
observation.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ Values referred to could be events, \fItime instants,\fR
\fItime\fR \fIintervals\fR ,\ etc.
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9202
\fBtest data\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdonn\*'ees d'essai\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdatos de prueba\fR
.PP
\fIObserved data\fR | btained during \fItests\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9203
\fBfield data\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdonn\*'ee d'exploitation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdatos de explotaci\*'on\fR
.PP
\fIObserved data\fR | btained during field operation.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9204
\fBreference data\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIvaleur de r\*'ef\*'erence; donn\*'ees de r\*'ef\*'erence\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdatos de referencia; valores de referencia\fR
.PP
Data, which by general agreement may be used for \fIprediction\fR
| nd/or comparison with \fIobserved data\fR .
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
9.3
\fIDesign concepts\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9301
\fBredundancy\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIredondance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIredundancia\fR
.PP
In an \fIitem\fR , the existence of more than one means for performing
a \fIrequired function\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9302
\fBactive redundancy\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIredondance active\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIredundancia activa\fR
.PP
That \fIredundancy\fR | herein all means for performing a \fIrequired\fR
\fIfunction\fR | re intended to operate simultaneously.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9303
\fBstandby redundancy\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIredondance en attente; redondance passive; redondance\fR
\fIen secours\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIredundancia pasiva; redundancia de reserva\fR
.PP
That \fIredundancy\fR | herein one means for performing a \fIrequired\fR
\fIfunction\fR | s intended to operate, while the alternative means are
inoperative until needed.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9304
\fBfail safe\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIprot\*'eg\*'e contre d\*'efaillances (critique); \*`a s\* | ret\*'e\fR
\fIint\*'egr\*'ee\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprevenci\*'on de fallos\fR
.PP
A designed property of an \fIitem\fR | hich prevents its \fIfailures\fR
| rom resulting in \fIcritical faults\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9305
\fBfault tolerance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItol\*'erance aux pannes\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fItolerancia a las aver\*'ias\fR
.PP
The attribute of an \fIitem\fR | hat makes it able to perform a
\fIrequired function\fR | n the presence of certain given sub\(hyitem
\fIfaults\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9306
\fBfault masking\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImasquage de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIenmascaramiento de aver\*'ia\fR
.PP
The condition in which a \fIfault\fR | xists in a sub\(hyitem of an
\fIitem\fR | ut cannot be recognized because of a feature of the \fIitem\fR
or because of another \fIfault\fR of the sub\(hyitem or of another sub\(hyitem.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
9.4
\fIAnalysis concepts\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9401
\fBprediction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpr\*'evision; pr\*'ediction\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprevisi\*'on; predicci\*'on\fR \v'2p'
.LP
1)
The process of computation used to obtain (a) \fIpredicted\fR
| alue(s) of a quantity.
.LP
2)
The \fIpredicted\fR | alue(s) of a quantity.
.sp 1P
.LP
9402
\fBreliability model\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImod\*`ele de fiabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImodelo de fiabilidad\fR
.PP
A mathematical model used for \fIprediction\fR | r \fIestimation\fR | f
\fIreliability measures\fR | f an \fIitem\fR or for similar purposes.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9403
\fBfault modes and effects analysis (FMEA)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIanalyse des modes de panne et de leurs effets (AMDE)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIan\*'alisis de los modos de aver\*'ia y de sus efectos\fR
\fI(AMAE)\fR
.PP
A qualitative method of \fIreliability\fR | nalysis which involves the
study of the \fIfault modes\fR | hich can exist in every sub\(hyitem of
the \fIitem\fR and the determination of the effects of each \fIfault mode\fR
on other sub\(hyitems of the \fIitem\fR and on the \fIrequired functions\fR
of the \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9404
\fBfault modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIanalyse des modes de panne, de leurs effets et de leur\fR
\fIcriticit\*'e (AMDEC)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIan\*'alisis de los modos de aver\*'ia, sus efectos\fR \fIy
su criticidad (AMAEC)\fR
.LP
.PP
\fIFault modes and effect analysis\fR | ogether with a consideration of
the \fIprobability\fR | f occurrence and a ranking of the seriousness
of the
\fIfault\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9405
\fBfault tree analysis (FTA)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIanalyse par arbre de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIan\*'alisis en \*'arbol de aver\*'ias\fR
.PP
An analysis to determine which \fIfault modes\fR | f the sub\(hyitems
or external events, or combinations thereof, may result in a stated \fIfault
mode\fR of the \fIitem\fR , resulting in a \fIfault tree\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9406
\fBstress analysis\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIanalyse de contraintes\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIan\*'alisis de esfuerzos\fR
.PP
A quantitative or qualitative determination of the physical,
chemical or other stresses an \fIitem\fR | s subjected to under given use
conditions.
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9407
\fBreliability block diagram\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdiagramme de fiabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdiagrama de bloques de fiabilidad\fR
.PP
Block diagram showing, for one or more \fIfunctional modes\fR | f a
complex \fIitem\fR , how \fIfaults\fR | f the sub\(hyitems represented
by the blocks, or
combinations thereof, result in a \fIfault\fR of the \fIitem\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9408
\fBfault tree\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIarbre de panne\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI\*'arbol de aver\*'ias\fR
.PP
A logic diagram showing which \fIfault modes\fR | f sub\(hyitems or
external events, or combinations thereof, result in a given \fIfault mode\fR
of the \fIitem\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9409
\fBstate\(hytransition diagram\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdiagramme de transition\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdiagrama de transici\*'on de estados\fR
.PP
A diagram showing the set of possible states of an \fIitem\fR | nd the
possible one step transitions between these states.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9410
\fBstress model\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImod\*`ele de contraintes\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImodelo de esfuerzos\fR
.LP
.PP
A mathematical model which describes how a \fIreliability\fR
\fIperformance measure\fR | f an \fIitem\fR | aries as a function of
the applied
stresses.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9411
\fBfault analysis\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIanalyse des pannes\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIan\*'alisis de aver\*'ias\fR
.PP
The logical, systematic examination of an \fIitem\fR | r its
diagram(s) to identify and analyse the \fIprobability\fR , causes and consequences
of potential and real \fIfaults\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9412
\fBmaintainability model\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fImod\*`ele de maintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImodelo de mantenibilidad\fR
.PP
A mathematical model used for \fIprediction\fR | r \fIestimation\fR | f
\fImaintainability performance measures\fR of an \fIitem\fR or for similar
purposes.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ An example is the \fImaintenance tree\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9413
\fBmaintainability prediction\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpr\*'evision de maintenabilit\*'e; pr\*'ediction de maintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprevisi\*'on de la mantenibilidad; predicci\*'on de la\fR
\fImantenibilidad\fR
.PP
An activity performed with the intention to forecast the numerical values
of a \fImaintainability performance measure\fR of an \fIitem\fR , taking
into
account the \fImaintainability performance\fR and \fIreliability performance\fR
\fImeasures\fR of its sub\(hyitems, under given operational and maintenance
conditions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9414
\fBmaintenance tree\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIarbre de maintenance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI\*'arbol de mantenimiento\fR
.PP
A logic diagram showing the pertinent alternative sequences of
\fIelementary maintenance activities\fR | o be performed on an \fIitem\fR
and the
conditions for their choice.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9415
\fBmaintainability allocation; maintainability apportionment\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIr\*'epartition de la maintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdistribuci\*'on de la mantenibilidad; asignaci\*'on de la\fR
\fImantenibilidad\fR
.LP
.PP
A procedure applied during the design of an \fIitem\fR | ntended to
apportion the requirements for \fImaintainability performance measures\fR
for an
\fIitem\fR to its sub\(hyitems according to given criteria.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
9.5
\fIImprovement processes\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9501
\fBlearning process\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIapprentissage\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIaprendizaje\fR
.PP
Growth in experience and familiarity by personnel with design or constructional
techniques, which reduces the risk of future \fImistakes\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9502
\fBburn\(hyin\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIrodage\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIrodaje\fR
.PP
A process of \fIreliability improvement\fR | f hardware, employing
operation of every \fIitem\fR | n a prescribed environment, with successive
\fIfault\fR \fIcorrection\fR , replacement or removal at every \fIfailure\fR
, during the steeply
falling \fIfailure intensity\fR period within the \fIearly failure period\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
9503
\fBreliability growth\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcroissance de la fiabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcrecimiento de la fiabilidad; incremento de la\fR
\fIfiabilidad\fR
.PP
A condition characterized by a progressive improvement of a
\fIreliability performance measure\fR | f an \fIitem\fR , or population
of similar
\fIitems\fR , with time.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A growth can result either from active improvement or from
\fIburn\(hyin\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9504
\fBreliability improvement\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIam\*'elioration de fiabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fImejora de la fiabilidad\fR
.PP
A process undertaken with the deliberate intention of promoting
\fIreliability growth\fR | y the elimination of \fIsystematic faults\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
9505
\fBmaintainability programme\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIprogramme de maintenabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprograma de mantenibilidad\fR
.PP
A detailed plan, including the human and material resources,
procedures, tasks and responsibilities during the life of an \fIitem\fR
, intended to determine the fulfilment of the requirements for \fImaintainability\fR
\fIperformance measures\fR for an \fIitem\fR and facilitate the planning of the
\fImaintenance\fR .
.RT
.LP
\fB10\fR \fBMeasure modifiers\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1001
\fBtrue | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | rai\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | erdadero\fR
.PP
The ideal value which characterizes a quantity perfectly defined under
the conditions which exist at the moment when that quantity is observed,
or the subject of a determination.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This value could be arrived at only if all causes of
measurement \fIerror\fR were eliminated.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1002
\fBpredicted | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | r\*'edit; ... | r\*'evu\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | revisto; ... | redicho\fR
.LP
.PP
The numerical value assigned to a quantity, before the quantity is actually
observable, computed on the basis of earlier observed or estimated
values of the same quantity or of other quantities using a mathematical
model.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1003
\fBextrapolated | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | xtrapol\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | xtrapolado\fR
.PP
The \fIpredicted\fR | alue based on \fIestimated\fR | alues for one or
a set of conditions, intended to apply to other conditions such as time,
\fImaintenance\fR and environmental conditions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1004
\fBestimated | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | stim\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | stimado\fR
.PP
The value obtained as the result of an \fIestimation\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The result may be expressed either as a single numerical
value, a point estimate, or as a \fIconfidence interval\fR .
.RT
.LP
.sp 1P
.LP
1005
\fBintrinsic | ..; inherent | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | ntrins\*`eque; ... | nh\*'erent\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | ntr\*'inseco; ... | nherente\fR
.PP
Value of a \fImeasure\fR | etermined when maintenance and operational
conditions are assumed to be ideal.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1006
\fBoperational | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | p\*'erationnel\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | peracional\fR
.PP
Value determined under given operational conditions.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1007
\fBmean | ..; average | .. \fR (deprecated)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | oyen (adjectif)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | edio (adjetivo); promedio\fR | desaconsejado)
\v'2p'
.LP
1)
The value obtained as the \fIexpectation\fR | f a \fIrandom\fR
\fIvariable\fR .
.LP
2)
The normalized integral of a time dependant quantity.
.sp 1P
.LP
1008
\fBp\(hyfractile | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI... | uantile\(hyp\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp de | ..\fR
.LP
.PP
The value obtained as the \fIp\(hyfractile\fR | f the distribution of
a \fIrandom variable\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
1009
\fBinstantaneous | ..\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR ... | nstantan\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI... | nstant\*'aneo\fR
.PP
The value of a \fImeasure\fR | etermined for a given \fIinstant of\fR
\fItime\fR .
.bp
.RT
.ce 1000
PART\ II
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBStatistical vocabulary\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIntroduction\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The quantitative applications of measures for quality of service, network
performance, dependability and trafficability performance requires a
fundamental set of statistical concepts.
.PP
This Part provides the terms and definitions for such
applications.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBTerms and definitions\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2001
\fBcharacteristic\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcaract\*`ere (statistique)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcaracter\*'istica\fR
.PP
A property which helps to differentiate between the individuals of a given
population.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The differentiation may be either quantitative (by variables)
or qualitative (by attributes).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2002
\fBprobability\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIprobabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprobabilidad\fR
.PP
For practical reasons, it may be considered that, whenever the
conditions of a \fItest\fR | an be reproduced, the \fIprobability\fR \fIPr\fR
\fI(E)\fR | of an event \fIE\fR | ccurring is the value around which
the occurrence frequency of the latter oscillates and towards which it
tends when the number of tests
are indefinitely increased.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The concept of \fIprobability\fR | ay be introduced
in either
of two forms, depending on whether it is intended to designate a degree of
belief or whether it is considered as the limit value of a frequency. In
both cases, its introduction requires that some precautions be taken which
cannot be developed within the context of an International Standard and
for which users should refer to specialized literature.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2003
\fBrandom variable; variate\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIvariable al\*'eatoire\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIvariable aleatoria\fR
.PP
A variable which may take any of the values of a specified set of values
and with which is associated a probability distribution.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ A \fIrandom variable\fR | hich may take only isolated
values is said to be \*Qdiscrete\*U. A \fIrandom variable\fR | hich may
take all the values of a finite or infinite interval is said to be \*Qcontinuous\*U.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2004
\fBrandom process\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIprocessus al\*'eatoire; processus stochastique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIproceso aleatorio; proceso estoc\*'astico\fR
.PP
A collection of time\(hydependent \fIrandom variables\fR | here the
values are governed by a given set of multivariate distributions for all
combinations of the \fIrandom variables\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2005
\fBdistribution function\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfonction de r\*'epartition\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfunci\*'on de distribuci\*'on\fR
.PP
A function giving, for every value \fIx\fR , the \fIprobability\fR | hat
the \fIrandom variable X\fR | s less than or equal to \fIx\fR :
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIF\fR (\fIx\fR ) = \fIPr\fR (\fIX\fR \(= \fIx\fR ).
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
.bp
.sp 1P
.LP
2006
\fBprobability density function\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIdensit\*'e de probabilit\*'e\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfunci\*'on densidad de probabilidad\fR
.PP
The derivative, if this exists, of the \fIdistribution\fR
\fIfunction\fR :
\v'6p'
.RT
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIf\fR (\fIx\fR ) =
@ { \fIF\fR (\fIx\fR ) } over { \fIX\fR } @ .
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
2007
\fBp\(hyfractile; p\(hyquantile\fR (of a probability distribution)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIquantile d'ordre p; quantile\(hyp\fR (d'une
loi de probabilit\*'e)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcuantil\(hyp; cuantil de orden p\fR (de una ley
de distribuci\*'on de probabilidades)
.PP
If \fIp\fR | s a number between 0 and 1, the \fIp\(hyfractile\fR | s the
value of the \fIrandom variable\fR | or which the \fIdistribution function\fR
equals
\fIp\fR or \*Qjumps\*U from a value less than or equal to \fIp\fR to a
value greater than \fIp\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ It is possible that the \fIdistribution function\fR
| quals \fIp\fR throughout the interval between consecutive possible values
of the variate. In this case, any value in this interval may be considered
as the
\fIp\(hyfractile\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2008
\fBexpectation\fR (of a random variable)\fB; mean\fR (of a random
variable)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIesp\*'erance math\*'ematique\fR (d'une variable al\*'eatoire);
\fImoyenne\fR (d'une variable al\*'eatoire)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIesperanza matem\*'atica\fR (de una variable aleatoria);
\fImedia\fR (de una variable aleatoria)
.LP
a)
For a discrete \fIrandom variable\fR \fIX\fR | aking the values
\fIx\fR\d\fIi\fR\uwith the \fIprobabilites\fR \fIp\fR\d\fIi\fR\u,
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIE\fR (\fIX\fR ) = \(*s" \fIp
\di\u\fR \fIx
\di\u\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
the sum being extended over all the values \fIx\fR\d\fIi\fR\uwhich can
be taken by\ \fIX\fR .
.LP
b)
For a continuous \fIrandom variable X\fR | aving the probability density
function \fIf\fR (\fIx\fR ),
\v'6p'
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fIE\fR (\fIX\fR ) =
@ int @ \fIx f\fR (\fIx\fR ) d\fIx\fR
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
.sp 1
the integral being extended over all values of the
interval of variation of\ \fIX\fR .
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ No distinction is made between the \fIexpectation\fR
| f a \fIrandom variable\fR | nd that of a \fIprobability\fR distribution.
.PP
\fINote 2\fR \ \(em\ The term \fImean\fR | s also used with other meanings,
for
example as the normalized integral over a \fItime interval\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2009
\fBvariance\fR (of a random variable)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIvariance\fR (d'une variable al\*'eatoire)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIvarianza\fR (de una variable aleatoria)
.PP
The \fIexpectation\fR | f the square of the difference between a
\fIrandom variable\fR | nd the \fIexpectation\fR of this variable.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2010
\fBstandard deviation, \(*d\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI\*'ecart\(hytype, \(*d\fR (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIdesviaci\*'on t\*'ipica, \(*d\fR (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The positive square root of the \fIvariance\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2011
\fBobserved value\fR (in statistics)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIvaleur observ\*'ee\fR (en statistique)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIvalor observado\fR (en estad\*'istica)
.PP
The value of a \fIcharacteristic\fR | etermined as the result of an
observation or \fItest\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2012
\fBrelative frequency\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIfr\*'equence (statistique)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIfrecuencia relativa\fR
.PP
The ratio of the number of times a particular value, or a value
falling within a given class, is observed to the total number of
observations.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2013
\fBstatistical test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItest (statistique)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba estad\*'istica\fR
.PP
A procedure that is intended to decide whether a hypothesis about the distribution
of one or more populations should be rejected or not rejected (accepted).
.PP
\fINote\ 1\fR \ \(em\ The decision taken is a result of the value of an
appropriate \fIstatistic\fR | r \fIstatistics\fR , calculated from values
observed
in samples taken from the populations under consideration. As the value
of the \fIstatistic\fR is subject to random variations, there is some risk
of \fIerror\fR when the decision is taken.
.PP
\fINote\ 2\fR \ \(em\ It is important to note that, generally speaking,
a \fItest\fR | ssumes \fIa priori\fR | hat certain assumptions are fulfilled
(for example,
assumption of independence of the observations, assumption of normality,\
etc.). These assumptions serve as a basis of the \fItest\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2014
\fBone\(hysided test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItest unilat\*'eral\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba unilateral\fR
.PP
A \fIstatistical test\fR | n which the \fIstatistic\fR | sed is
one\(hydimensional and the \fIcritical region\fR is the set of values lower
than, or the set of values greater than, a given number.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2015
\fBtwo\(hysided test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fItest bilat\*'eral\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprueba bilateral\fR
.PP
A \fIstatistical test\fR | n which the \fIstatistic\fR | sed is
one\(hydimensional and in which the \fIcritical region\fR is the set of
values lower than a first given number and the set of values greater than
a second given
number.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2016
\fBnull hypothesis, H\fR\(da\fB0\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIhypoth\*`ese nulle, H\fR\d0\u(symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIhip\*'otesis nula, H\fR\d0\u(s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The hypothesis to be rejected or not rejected (accepted) at the
outcome of the \fIstatistical test\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2017
\fBalternative hypothesis, H\fR\(da\fB1\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIhypoth\*`ese alternative, H\fR\d1\u | symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIhip\*'otesis alternativa, H\fR\d1\u | s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The hypothesis, usually composite, which is opposed to the \fInull\fR \fIhypothesis\fR
.
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2018
\fBcritical region\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIr\*'egion critique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIregi\*'on cr\*'itica\fR
.PP
The set of possible values of the \fIstatistic\fR | sed such that, if
the value of the \fIstatistic\fR | hich results from the \fIobserved values\fR
belongs to the set, the \fInull hypothesis\fR will be rejected, whereas
it will not be
rejected (accepted) if the opposite is the case.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2019
\fBcritical values\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIvaleurs critiques\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIvalores cr\*'iticos\fR
.PP
The given value(s) which limit the \fIcritical region\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2020
\fBerror of the first kind\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur de premi\*`ere esp\*`ece\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror de primera clase\fR
.PP
The \fIerror\fR | ommitted in rejecting the \fInull hypothesis\fR , because
the \fIstatistic\fR | akes a value which belongs to the \fIcritical region\fR
, when the \fInull hypothesis\fR is true.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2021
\fBtype I risk\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIrisque de premi\*`ere esp\*`ece\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIriesgo de tipo I\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | f committing the \fIerror of the first kind\fR ,
which varies according to the real situation (within the framework of the
\fInull hypothesis\fR ). Its maximum value is the \fIsignificance level\fR
of the
\fIstatistical test\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2022
\fBerror of the second kind\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIerreur de seconde esp\*`ece\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIerror de segunda clase\fR
.PP
The \fIerror\fR | ommitted in failing to reject (accept) the \fInull\fR
\fIhypothesis\fR | because the value of the \fIstatistic\fR does not belong
to the
\fIcritical region\fR ), when the \fInull hypothesis\fR is not true (the
\fIalternative\fR \fIhypothesis\fR therefore being true).
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2023
\fBtype II risk\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIrisque de seconde esp\*`ece\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIriesgo de tipo II\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR , designated \(*b, of committing the \fIerror of
the\fR \fIsecond kind\fR . Its value depends on the real situation and
can only be
calculated if the \fIalternative hypothesis\fR is adequately specified.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2024
\fBoperating characteristic curve; OC curve \fR (for a statistical
test plan)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIcourbe d'efficacit\*'e\fR (d'un plan de test)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcurva caracter\*'istica de funcionamiento\fR (para un plan
de prueba estad\*'istica)
.PP
A curve showing, for a given \fIstatistical test\fR | lan, the
\fIprobability of acceptance\fR | s a function of the actual value of a given
\fImeasure\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2025
\fBproducer's risk (point)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI(point du) risque du fournisseur\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI(punto de) riesgo del proveedor\fR
.PP
A point on the \fIoperating characteristic curve\fR | orresponding to
some predetermined and usually low \fIprobability of rejection\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2026
\fBconsumer's risk (point)\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fI(point du) risque du client\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fI(punto de) riesgo del consumidor\fR
.PP
A point on the \fIoperating characteristic curve\fR | orresponding to
a predetermined and usually low \fIprobability of acceptance\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2027
\fBpower of the test\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIpuissance du test\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIpotencia de la prueba\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | f not committing the \fIerror of the second\fR
\fIkind\fR , equal to\ 1 | (em | (*a, and thus the \fIprobability\fR of
rejecting the \fInull\fR
\fIhypothesis\fR when this hypothesis is false.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2028
\fBsignificance level\fR (of a statistical test), \fB\(*a\fR (symbol)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIniveau de signification\fR (d'un test); \fIseuil de\fR
\fIsignification, \(*a\fR | (symbole)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fInivel de significaci\*'on\fR (de una prueba estad\*'istica);
\fIumbral de significaci\*'on, \(*a\fR | (s\*'imbolo)
.PP
The given value which limits the \fIprobability\fR | f the \fInull\fR
\fIhypothesis\fR | eing rejected, if the \fInull hypothesis\fR is true.
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ The \fIcritical region\fR | s determined in such a
way that if
the \fInull hypothesis\fR | s true, the \fIprobability\fR of this \fInull
hypothesis\fR
being rejected should be not more than this given value.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2029
\fBprobability of acceptance\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIprobabilit\*'e d'acceptation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprobabilidad de aceptaci\*'on\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | hat an \fIitem\fR | ill be accepted by a given
\fIstatistical test\fR | lan.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2030
\fBprobability of rejection\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIprobabilit\*'e de rejet\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIprobabilidad de rechazo\fR
.PP
The \fIprobability\fR | hat an \fIitem\fR | ill not be accepted by a
given \fIstatistical test\fR | lan.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2031
\fBconfidence interval\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIintervalle de confiance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIintervalo de confianza\fR
.PP
The random interval limited by two \fIstatistics\fR | r by a single
\fIstatistic\fR , such that the \fIprobability\fR that a parameter to be
estimated is
covered by this interval is equal to a given value 1 | (em | (*a, where
\(*a is the
\fIsignificance level\fR .
.bp
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2032
\fBstatistical tolerance interval\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIintervalle statistique de dispersion\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIintervalo estad\*'istico de tolerancia\fR
.PP
A random interval limited by two \fIstatistics\fR | r by a single
\fIstatistic\fR , such that the \fIprobability\fR that a fraction of the
population,
equal to or greater than a given value between 0 and\ 1, is covered by this
interval is equal to a given value\ 1 | (em | (*a, where \(*a is the \fIsignificance\fR
\fIlevel\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2033
\fBconfidence limit\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIlimite de confiance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIl\*'imite de confianza\fR
.PP
Each of the limits of a two\(hysided \fIconfidence interval\fR , or the
single limit of a one\(hysided \fIconfidence interval\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2034
\fBestimation\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIestimation (de param\*`etres)\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestimaci\*'on (de par\*'ametros)\fR
.PP
The operation made for the purpose of assigning, from the observed values
in a sample, numerical values to the parameters of the distribution
chosen as the statistical model of the population from which this sample is
taken.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2035
\fBestimate\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIestimation\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestimaci\*'on\fR
.PP
The result of an \fIestimation\fR .
.PP
\fINote\fR \ \(em\ This result may be expressed either as a single numerical
value (point estimation) or as a \fIconfidence interval\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2036
\fBestimator\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIestimateur\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestimador\fR
.PP
A \fIstatistic\fR | ntended to estimate a population parameter.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2037
\fBconfidence coefficient; confidence level\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIniveau de confiance\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIcoeficiente de confianza; nivel de confianza\fR
.PP
The value 1 | (em | (*a of the \fIprobability\fR | ssociated with a
\fIconfidence interval\fR | r a \fIstatistical tolerance interval\fR ,
where \(*a is
the \fIsignificance level\fR .
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2038
\fBstatistic\fR
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIstatistique\fR
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fIestad\*'istico\fR
.PP
A function of the \fIobserved values\fR | erived from a sample.
.RT
.sp 1P
.LP
2039
\fBacceptable level\fR (of a measure)
.sp 9p
.RT
.LP
\fIF:\fR \fIniveau acceptable\fR (d'une caract\*'eristique)
.LP
\fIS:\fR \fInivel aceptable\fR (de una medida)
.PP
A level for a \fImeasure\fR | f a given performance which in a \fItest\fR
| lan corresponds to a specified but relatively high \fIprobability of\fR
\fIacceptance\fR .
.bp
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Supplement 6)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBAlphabetical list of definitions contained in this
Supplement\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.LP
\fB2 col\fR 9107
accelerated test
.LP
2039
acceptable level
.LP
7209
accumulated down time
.LP
3010
accumulated time
.LP
7107
active corrective maintenance time
.LP
7103
active maintenance time
.LP
7106
active preventive maintenance time
.LP
9302
active redundancy
.LP
7107
active repair time
.LP
7109
administrative delay
.LP
5209
ageing failure
.LP
5311
ageing fault
.LP
2017
alternative hypothesis
.LP
8105
asymptotic availability
.LP
8106
asymptotic unavailability
.LP
8107
asymptotic mean availability
.LP
8108
asymptotic mean unavailability
.LP
6012
automatic maintenance
.LP
8105
availability
.LP
4002
availability performance
.LP
1007
average (deprecated)
.LP
5102
bug
.LP
9502
burn in
.LP
5509
busy state
.LP
5212
cataleptic failure
.LP
5212
catastrophic failure (deprecated)
.LP
2001
characteristic
.LP
7113
check\(hyout time
.LP
9102
compliance test
.LP
5314
complete fault
.LP
2037
confidence coefficient
.LP
2031
confidence interval
.LP
2037
confidence level
.LP
2033
confidence limit
.LP
7307
constant failure intensity period
.LP
7308
constant failure rate period
.LP
2026
consumer's risk (point)
.LP
6023
controlled maintenance
.LP
6005
corrective maintenance
.LP
7105
corrective maintenance time
.LP
5103
critical defect
.LP
5108
critical defective item
.LP
5202
critical failure
.LP
5302
critical fault
.bp
.LP
2018
critical region
.LP
5510
critical state
.LP
2019
critical value
.LP
5313
data sensitive fault
.LP
5101
defect
.LP
5107
defective
.LP
5107
defective item
.LP
6006
deferred maintenance
.LP
5211
degradation failure
.LP
4001
dependability
.LP
5111
design defect
.LP
5207
design failure
.LP
5309
design fault
.LP
5318
determinate fault
.LP
9103
determination test
.LP
5219
deterministic failure
.LP
5505
disabled state
.LP
7207
disabled time
.LP
2005
distribution function
.LP
5507
down state
.LP
7208
down time
.LP
5211
drift failure
.LP
4006
durability
.LP
3009
duration
.LP
7306
early failure period
.LP
6020
elementary maintenance activity
.LP
9106
endurance test
.LP
3001
entity
.LP
5401
error
.LP
5505
error (deprecated sense)
.LP
2020
error of the first kind
.LP
2022
error of the second kind
.LP
2035
estimate
.LP
1004
estimated . | |
.LP
2034
estimation
.LP
2036
estimator
.LP
5402
execution error
.LP
2008
expectation
.LP
5506
external disabled state
.LP
7210
external disabled time
.LP
7210
external loss time
.LP
1003
extrapolated . | |
.LP
9304
fail safe
.LP
5201
failure
.bp
.LP
5217
failure cause
.LP
8204
failure intensity
.LP
8210
failure intensity acceleration factor
.LP
5218
failure mechanism
.LP
5322
failure mode (deprecated)
.LP
8202
failure rate
.LP
8209
failure rate acceleration factor
.LP
5301
fault
.LP
9411
fault analysis
.LP
6027
fault correction
.LP
7111
fault correction time
.LP
8311
fault coverage
.LP
6025
fault diagnosis
.LP
6026
fault localization
.LP
7114
fault localization time
.LP
6024
fault location (deprecated)
.LP
7114
fault location time (deprecated)
.LP
9306
fault masking
.LP
5322
fault mode
.LP
9404
fault modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA)
.LP
9403
fault modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
.LP
6024
fault recognition
.LP
9305
fault tolerance
.LP
9408
fault tree
.LP
9405
fault tree analysis (FTA)
.LP
5323
faulty
.LP
9203
field data
.LP
6009
field maintenance
.LP
9105
field test
.LP
9403
FMEA (fault modes and effects analysis)
.LP
9404
FMECA (fault modes, effects and criticality analysis)
.LP
5504
free state
.LP
7206
free time
.LP
9405
FTA (fault tree analysis)
.LP
6013
function affecting maintenance
.LP
6028
function check\(hyout
.LP
6015
function\(hydegrading maintenance
.LP
6016
function permitting maintenance
.LP
5314
function preventing fault
.LP
6014
function\(hypreventing maintenance
.LP
3006
functional mode
.LP
5402
generated error
.LP
5211
gradual failure
.LP
5504
idle state
.LP
7206
idle time
.LP
5106
imperfection
.LP
6019
indenture level
.LP
5319
indeterminate fault
.LP
5206
inherent weakness failure
.bp
.LP
1005
inherent . | |
.LP
5308
inherent weakness fault
.LP
6009
in situ maintenance
.LP
3007
instant of time
.LP
1009
instantaneous . | |
.LP
8101
instantaneous availability
.LP
8111
instantaneous availability of a leased circuit
.LP
8204
instantaneous failure intensity
.LP
8202
instantaneous failure rate
.LP
8302
instantaneous repair rate
.LP
8102
instantaneous unavailability
.LP
5403
interaction error
.LP
5317
intermittent fault
.LP
5507
internal disabled state
.LP
1005
intrinsic . | |
.LP
3001
item
.LP
9104
laboratory test
.LP
5320
latent fault
.LP
9501
learning process
.LP
6017
level of maintenance
.LP
6018
line of maintenance
.LP
7110
logistic delay
.LP
8301
maintainability
.LP
9415
maintainability allocation
.LP
9415
maintainability apportionment
.LP
9112
maintainability demonstration
.LP
9412
maintainability model
.LP
4004
maintainability performance
.LP
9413
maintainability prediction
.LP
9506
maintainability programme
.LP
9111
maintainability verification
.LP
6003
maintenance
.LP
6021
maintenance action
.LP
6018
maintenance echelon
.LP
6030
maintenance entity
.LP
7102
maintenance man\(hyhours (MMH)
.LP
6001
maintenance philosophy
.LP
6002
maintenance policy
.LP
4005
maintenance support performance
.LP
6021
maintenance task
.LP
7101
maintenance time
.LP
9414
maintenance tree
.LP
5105
major defect
.LP
5109
major defective item
.LP
5304
major fault
.LP
5112
manufacturing defect
.LP
5208
manufacturing failure
.LP
5310
manufacturing fault
.LP
8110
MADT (mean accumulated down time)
.LP
8308
MART (mean active repair time)
.LP
8401
MAD (mean administrative delay)
.LP
8305
MDT (mean down time)
.LP
2008
mean
.LP
1007
mean . | |
.LP
8110
mean accumulated down time (MADT)
.LP
8308
mean active repair time (MART)
.bp
.LP
8401
mean administrative delay (MAD)
.LP
8103
mean availability
.LP
8305
mean down time (MDT)
.LP
8203
mean failure rate
.LP
8205
mean failure intensity
.LP
8403
mean logistic delay (MLD)
.LP
8304
mean maintenance man\(hyhours
.LP
8303
mean repair rate
.LP
8306
mean repair time (MRT)
.LP
8208
mean time between failures (MTBF)
.LP
8207
mean time to failure (MTTF)
.LP
8206
mean time to first failure (MTTFF)
.LP
8310
mean time to recovery
.LP
8310
mean time to repair (deprecated)
.LP
8310
mean time to restoration (MTTR)
.LP
8104
mean unavailability
.LP
8109
mean up time (MUT)
.LP
3011
measure
.LP
5106
minor defect
.LP
5110
minor defective item
.LP
5305
minor fault
.LP
5205
mishandling failure
.LP
5307
mishandling fault
.LP
5405
mistake
.LP
5204
misuse failure
.LP
5306
misuse fault
.LP
8403
MLD (mean logistic delay)
.LP
7102
MMH (maintenance man\(hyhours)
.LP
8306
MRT (mean repair time)
.LP
8208
MTBF (mean time between failures)
.LP
8207
MTTF (mean time to failure)
.LP
8206
MTTFF (mean time to first failure)
.LP
8310
MTTR
.LP
8109
MUT (mean up time)
.LP
3013
modification
.LP
5104
non\(hycritical defect
.LP
5203
non\(hycritical failure
.LP
5303
non\(hycritical fault
.LP
5214
non\(hyrelevant failure
.LP
3003
non\(hyrepaired item
.LP
5502
non\(hyoperating state
.LP
7202
non\(hyoperating time
.LP
7204
non\(hyrequired time
.LP
2016
null hypothesis
.bp
.LP
9201
observed data
.LP
2011
observed value
.LP
2024
OC curve
.LP
6010
off\(hysite maintenance
.LP
2014
one\(hysided test
.LP
6009
on\(hysite maintenance
.LP
2024
operating characteristic curve
.LP
5501
operating state
.LP
7201
operating time
.LP
3012
operation
.LP
1006
operational . | |
.LP
5505
outage
.LP
5315
partial fault
.LP
5316
permanent fault
.LP
5316
persistent fault
.LP
2007
p\(hyfractile (of a probability distribution)
.LP
1008
p\(hyfractile . | |
.LP
8309
p\(hyfractile active repair time
.LP
8402
p\(hyfractile administrative delay
.LP
8404
p\(hyfractile logistic delay
.LP
8307
p\(hyfractile repair time
.LP
8101
pointwise availability
.LP
8102
pointwise unavailability
.LP
2027
power of the test
.LP
1002
predicted . | |
.LP
9401
prediction
.LP
6004
preventive maintenance
.LP
7104
preventive maintenance time
.LP
5215
primary failure
.LP
2002
probability
.LP
2006
probability density function
.LP
2029
probability of acceptance
.LP
2030
probability of rejection
.LP
2025
producer's risk (point)
.LP
5312
programme\(hysensitive fault
.LP
5404
propagated error
.LP
2007
p\(hyquantile
.LP
2004
random process
.LP
2003
random variable
.LP
6029
recovery
.LP
9301
redundancy
.LP
9204
reference data
.LP
8201
reliability
.LP
9407
reliability block diagram
.LP
9503
reliability growth
.LP
9504
reliability improvement
.LP
9402
reliability model
.LP
4003
reliability performance
.LP
2012
relative frequency
.LP
5213
relevant failure
.bp
.LP
6011
remote maintenance
.LP
6005
repair
.LP
8312
repair coverage
.LP
8302
repair rate
.LP
7105
repair time
.LP
3002
repaired item
.LP
5219
reproducible failure
.LP
3005
required function
.LP
7203
required time
.LP
6029
restoration
.LP
6007
scheduled maintenance
.LP
5216
secondary failure
.LP
9109
screening test
.LP
2028
significance level
.LP
5316
solid fault
.LP
2010
standard deviation
.LP
9303
standby redundancy
.LP
5503
standby state
.LP
7205
standby time
.LP
9409
state\(hytransition diagram
.LP
2038
statistic
.LP
2013
statistical test
.LP
2032
statistical tolerance interval
.LP
8105
steady\(hystate availability
.LP
9108
step stress test
.LP
9406
stress analysis
.LP
9410
stress model
.LP
5210
sudden failure
.LP
6001
supervision
.LP
5219
systematic failure
.LP
.rs
.sp 21P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
5321
systematic fault
.LP
7112
technical delay
.LP
9101
test
.LP
9202
test data
.LP
9110
time acceleration factor
.LP
7303
time between failures
.LP
3009
time duration
.LP
7302
time to failure
.LP
7301
time to first failure
.LP
3008
time interval
.LP
7304
time to recovery
.LP
7304
time to restoration
.LP
5317
transient fault
.LP
1001
true . | |
.LP
2015
two\(hysided test
.LP
2021
type I risk
.LP
2023
type II risk
.LP
7108
undetected fault time
.LP
5508
up state
.LP
7211
up time
.LP
6008
unscheduled maintenance
.LP
7305
useful life
.LP
2009
variance
.LP
9203
variate
.LP
5317
volatile fault
.LP
5206
weakness failure
.LP
5308
weakness fault
.LP
5209
wearout failure
.LP
5311
wearout fault
.LP
7309
wear\(hyout failure period
.LP
.rs
.sp 21P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ B
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Supplement 6, Part I)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBRelations between defect, failure and fault concepts\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
.sp 4
.ce
\fBH.T. [T1.6]\fR
.ce
TABLE\ B\(hy1
.ps 9
.vs 11
.nr VS 11
.nr PS 9
.TS
center box;
cw(72p) | cw(78p) | cw(78p) .
Defect Failure Fault
_
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Critical defect Critical failure Critical fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Non\(hycritical defect Non\(hycritical failure Non\(hycritical fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Major defect \(em Major fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Minor defect \(em Minor fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Misuse failure Misuse fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Mishandling failure Mishandling fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Inherent weakness failure Inherent weakness fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Design defect Design failure Design fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Manufacturing defect Manufacturing failure Manufacturing fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Ageing failure Ageing fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Sudden failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Gradual failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Cataleptic failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Relevant failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Non\(hyrelevant failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Primary failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Secondary failure \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Failure cause \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Failure mechanism \(em
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Programme\(hysensitive fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Data\(hysensitive fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Complete fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Partial fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Persistent fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Intermittent fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Fault mode
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Determinate fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Indeterminate fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em \(em Latent fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
\(em Systematic failure Systematic fault
.T&
lw(72p) | lw(78p) | lw(78p) .
Bug \(em \(em
_
.TE
.nr PS 9
.RT
.ad r
\fBTable B\(hy1/Sup. 6 [T1.6], p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 6P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ C
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Supplement 6, Part I)
\v'1P'
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBList of recommended symbols and abbreviations\fR \v'6p'
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
\(*a
Significance level
.sp 1P
.RT
.LP
\(*b
Type II risk
.LP
\(*l(\fIt\fR )
Instantaneous failure rate
.LP
\(*l
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)
Mean failure rate [in time interval
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)]
.LP
\(*m(\fIt\fR )
Instantaneous repair rate
.LP
\(*m |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)
Mean repair rate [in time interval
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)]
.LP
\(*d
Standard deviation
.LP
\fIA\fR Asymptotic availability
.LP
\fIA\fR (\fIt\fR )
Instantaneous availability
.LP
\fIA\fR |
Asymptotic mean availability
.LP
\fIA\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)
Mean availability [in time interval (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)]
.LP
ASR
Answer seizure ratio
.LP
\fIE\fR (\fIX\fR )
Mean (of \fIX\fR )
.LP
\fIf\fR (\fIx\fR )
Probability density function
.LP
\fIF\fR (\fIx\fR )
Distribution function
.LP
FMEA
Fault modes and effect analysis
.LP
FMECA
Fault modes, effects and criticality analysis
.LP
FTA
Fault tree analysis
.LP
H\d0\u Null hypothesis
.LP
H\d1\u Alternative hypothesis
.LP
MAD
Mean administrative delay
.LP
MADT
Mean accumulated down time
.LP
MART
Mean active repair time
.LP
MDT
Mean down time
.LP
MLD
Mean logistic delay
.LP
MMH
Maintenance man\(hyhours
.LP
MRT
Mean repair time
.LP
MTBF
Mean time between failures
.LP
MTTF
Mean time to failure
.LP
MTTFF
Mean time to first failure
.LP
MTTR
Mean time to restoration
.LP
MUT
Mean up time
.LP
\fIN\fR (\fIt\fR\d1\u, \fIt\fR\d2\u)
Number of failures [in time interval
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)]
.LP
\fIR\fR Reliability
.LP
\fIU\fR Asymptotic unavailability
.LP
\fIU\fR (\fIt\fR )
Instantaneous unavailability
.LP
\fIU\fR |
Asymptotic mean unavailability
.LP
\fIU\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)
Mean unavailability [in time
interval (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)]
.LP
\fIz\fR (\fIt\fR )
Instantaneous failure intensity
.LP
\fIz\fR |
(\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)
Mean failure intensity [in time
interval (\fIt\fR\d1\u, | fIt\fR\d2\u)]
.LP
.rs
.sp 4P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.sp 2P
.LP
\fBSupplement\ No.\ 7\fR
.RT
.sp 2P
.sp 1P
.ce 1000
\fBGUIDE\ FOR\ EVALUATING\ AND\ IMPLEMENTING | fR \fBALTERNATE\ ROUTING\
NETWORKS\fR
.EF '% Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 7''
.OF '''Fascicle\ II.3\ \(em\ Suppl.\ No.\ 7 %'
.ce 0
.sp 1P
.PP
A systematic procedure consisting of a number of distinct steps is used
for the evaluation of alternate routing networks.
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
These steps are given in the flowchart of Annex\ A and are
provided
as guidance. Administrations may wish to expand, delete or change the order
of these steps to meet circumstances.
.PP
The steps may be grouped into the following six processes:
.RT
.LP
\(em
Identification of alternate route.
.LP
\(em
Preliminary screening.
.LP
\(em
Data gathering.
.LP
\(em
Evaluation.
.LP
\(em
Implementation.
.LP
\(em
Monitoring.
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB1\fR \fBIdentification of alternate route\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
A terminal Administration selects an alternate route.
.PP
A tentative agreement is reached with the opposite terminal
Administration to use the selected alternate route, and both terminal
Administrations reach tentative agreement with the transit Administration to
explore the use of its network as an alternate route.
.PP
If no tentative agreements are reached, another alternate route is
selected or if none is available, the procedure is abandoned.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB2\fR \fBPreliminary screening\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Using available data, the organizational elements of the terminal Administrations
responsible for transmission, routing and call completion,
analyse the feasibility of utilizing the alternate route.
.PP
If an objection is raised, another alternate route is selected or, if none
is available, the procedure is abandoned.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB3\fR \fBData gathering\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
A questionnaire is issued to all Administrations involved to obtain additional
information before an evaluation is made of the proposed alternate route.
.PP
The questionnaire can include requests for transmission, routing, call
completion rates, traffic profiles, circuit costs, and transit charges.
.PP
If there is no response to the questionnaire or if the information
provided indicates that the alternate route is unsuitable, another alternate
route is selected or, if none is available, the procedure is abandoned.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB4\fR \fBEvaluation\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
The alternate routing network is dimensioned according to
Recommendation\ E.522.
.PP
If additional circuits are required on the alternate route, and the
required increment exceeds the available capacity,
another alternate route is selected.
If no other alternate route is available Administrations may
choose to retain the selected alternate route and accept a cost
disadvantage.
.bp
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB5\fR \fBImplementation\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Final negotiations are carried out and approval of all
Administrations involved in the alternate route network is sought.
.PP
The negotiations would include the reporting procedure and
responsibility for recording traffic overflowing to the alternate route.
.PP
If final agreement cannot be reached, another alternate route is
selected or, if none is available, the procedure is abandoned.
.RT
.sp 2P
.LP
\fB6\fR \fBMonitoring\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.PP
Traffic volumes and performance data for the
alternate route are recorded and exchanged at regular intervals.
\v'3P'
.RT
.ce 1000
ANNEX\ A
.ce 0
.ce 1000
(to Supplement No. 7)
.sp 9p
.RT
.ce 0
.ce 1000
\fBFlowchart of evaluation and implementation procedure for\fR \fBalternate
routing networks\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ce 0
.LP
.rs
.sp 14P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy1, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.rs
.sp 14P
.ad r
Blanc
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp
.LP
.rs
.sp 47P
.ad r
\fBFigure A\(hy2, p.\fR
.sp 1P
.RT
.ad b
.RT
.LP
.bp